{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T01:32:14Z","timestamp":1790299934025,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]],"date-time":"2004-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1077062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine what contributions are made to the rat full\u2010field electroretinogram (ERG) by ganglion cells (GCs). To that end, the ERG was assessed longitudinally following optic nerve transection (ONTx). Additional studies were conducted using intravitreal injections of pharmacologically active substances. The ERG was recorded simultaneously from both eyes of anaesthetized adult Brown\u2010Norway rats (ketamine: xylazine: acepromazine, 55: 5: 1 mg kg<jats:sup><jats:bold>\u22121<\/jats:bold><\/jats:sup>) using custom silver chloride electrodes. Stimuli were brief, white xenon discharges delivered via a Ganzfeld under dark\u2010adapted and light\u2010adapted conditions (150 cd m<jats:sup><jats:bold>\u22122<\/jats:bold><\/jats:sup>). ERGs were obtained 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 weeks after ONTx (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 8) or sham (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 8) operations. ONTx reduced both positive and negative components of the scotopic threshold response (pSTR and nSTR). Scotopic ERG responses to brighter flashes, including a\u2010waves, b\u2010waves and oscillatory potentials (OPs) were unaffected by ONTx. ONTx reduced the photopic b\u2010wave and OPs. TTX (6 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) reduced the pSTR and nSTR, but not the scotopic a\u2010wave, b\u2010wave or OPs. TTX had dramatic effects on the photopic ERG, surpassing the effects of ONTx. TTX application 9 weeks post\u2010ONTx had little additional effect on the STR. Inhibition of inner retinal responses using GABA (10 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) or NMDA (0.8 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) reduced the nSTR substantially. Similar results were obtained with antagonists of AMPA\/KA ionotropic glutamate receptors 6\u2010cyano\u20107\u2010nitroquinoxaline\u20102,3(1H,4H)\u2010dione (CNQX, 0.2 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) or <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\u20102,3\u2010piperidinedicarboxylic acid (PDA, 5 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>); however, both also reduced the scotopic b\u2010wave by \u223c40 %. By contrast, the NMDA receptor antagonist D(\u2010)\u20102\u2010amino\u20107\u2010phosphonoheptanoic acid (D\u2010AP7, 0.2 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) had no effect alone, but the combination of D\u2010AP7 and CNQX completely abolished the STR. The results of this study indicate that: (1) both pSTR and nSTR components in the rat depend directly upon intact GC responses, and that amacrine cell contributions to these components are relatively small; (2) scotopic ERG response components to brighter flashes receive little influence from GCs; (3) the rat photopic ERG also reflects GC signals and may serve as an additional useful test of GC function; (4) TTX had dramatic effects on the rat photopic ERG that were not attributable to GC currents, but rather to voltage\u2010gated sodium currents in amacrine or interplexiform cells; (5) a small residual negative STR persisted after ONTx that was likely to be generated by graded responses of third\u2010order retinal cells, most likely amacrine cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.052738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,10,28]],"date-time":"2003-10-28T07:46:56Z","timestamp":1067327216000},"page":"153-173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":189,"title":["Ganglion cell contributions to the rat full\u2010field electroretinogram"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"555","author":[{"given":"Bang V.","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brad","family":"Fortune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Pharmacological removal of positive and negative STRs is required to isolate bipolar\u2010cell responses in the macaque scotopic electroretinogram","volume":"40","author":"Ahmed J","year":"1999","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(84)90027-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523801181149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(89)90076-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01611437"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015518"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229323"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-07-04368.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.5.1878"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.64.5.1368","article-title":"Actions of excitatory amino acids on brisk ganglion cells in the cat retina","volume":"64","author":"Boos R","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-02874.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Ganglion cell contribution to the rat full\u2010field electroretinogram","volume":"44","author":"Bui BV","year":"2003","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","first-page":"2054","article-title":"Preservation of inner retinal responses in the aged Royal College of Surgeons rat. 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