{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:24:00Z","timestamp":1776947040373,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyclical periods of depolarization (slow waves) underlie peristaltic contractions involved in mixing and emptying of contents in the gastric antrum. Slow waves originate from a myenteric network of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC\u2010MY). In this study we have visualized the sequence and propagation of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transients associated with pacemaker potentials in the ICC network and longitudinal (LM) and circular muscle (CM) layers of the isolated guinea\u2010pig gastric antrum. Gastric antrum was dissected to reveal the ICC\u2010MY network, loaded with Fluo\u20104 AM and activity was monitored at 37\u00b0C. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> waves propagated throughout the ICC\u2010MY network at an average velocity of 3.24 \u00b1 0.12 mm s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> at a frequency of 4.87 \u00b1 0.16 cycles min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 4). The propagation of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> wave often appeared \u2018step\u2010like\u2019, with separate regions of the network being activated after variable delays. The direction of propagation was highly variable (\u0394 angle of propagation 44.3 \u00b1 10.9 deg per cycle) and was not confined to the axes of the longitudinal or circular muscle. Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> waves appeared to spread out radially from the site of initiation. The initiating Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> wave in ICC\u2010MY was correlated to secondary Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> waves in intramuscular interstial cells of Cajal, ICC\u2010IM, and smooth muscle cells, and the local distortion (contraction) in a field of view. TTX (1 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) had little effect on slow wave or pacemaker potential activity, but 2\u2010APB (50 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) blocked all Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> waves, indicating a pivotal role for intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> stores. Nicardipine (2 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) eliminated the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient generated by smooth muscle, but did not affect the fast upstroke associated with ICC\u2010MY. These results indicate that slow waves follow a sequence of activation, beginning with the ICC\u2010MY and ICC\u2010IM network, followed later by a sustained Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> transient in the muscle layers that is responsible for contraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.059055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,3]],"date-time":"2004-02-03T01:23:15Z","timestamp":1075771395000},"page":"585-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Propagation of pacemaker activity in the guinea\u2010pig antrum"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"556","author":[{"given":"G. W.","family":"Hennig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. D. 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