{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T14:15:05Z","timestamp":1791123305303,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]],"date-time":"2004-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>During maximal exercise in humans, fatigue is preceded by reductions in systemic and skeletal muscle blood flow, O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> delivery and uptake. Here, we examined whether the uptake of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and substrates by the human brain is compromised and whether the fall in stroke volume of the heart underlying the decline in systemic O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> delivery is related to declining venous return. We measured brain and central haemodynamics and oxygenation in healthy males (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 13 in 2 studies) performing intense cycling exercise (360 \u00b1 10 W; mean \u00b1<jats:sc>s.e.m.<\/jats:sc>) to exhaustion starting with either high (H) or normal (control, C) body temperature. Time to exhaustion was shorter in H than in C (5.8 \u00b1 0.2 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 7.5 \u00b1 0.4 min, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), despite heart rate reaching similar maximal values. During the first 90 s of both trials, frontal cortex tissue oxygenation and the arterial\u2013internal jugular venous differences (a\u2010v diff) for O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and glucose did not change, whereas middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity (MCA <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>) and cardiac output increased by \u223c22 and \u223c115%, respectively. Thereafter, brain extraction of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, glucose and lactate increased by \u223c45, \u223c55 and \u223c95%, respectively, while frontal cortex tissue oxygenation, MCA <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> and cardiac output declined \u223c40, \u223c15 and \u223c10%, respectively. At exhaustion in both trials, systemic <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/TJP_228_mu1.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> declined in parallel with a similar fall in stroke volume and central venous pressure; yet the brain uptake of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, glucose and lactate increased. In conclusion, the reduction in stroke volume, which underlies the fall in systemic O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> delivery and uptake before exhaustion, is partly related to reductions in venous return to the heart. Furthermore, fatigue during maximal exercise, with or without heat stress, in healthy humans is associated with an enhanced rather than impaired brain uptake of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and substrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,9]],"date-time":"2004-03-09T01:43:51Z","timestamp":1078796631000},"page":"331-342","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":246,"title":["Brain and central haemodynamics and oxygenation during maximal exercise in humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"557","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mads K.","family":"Dalsgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Osada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanos","family":"Volianitis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen A.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chie C.","family":"Yoshiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels H.","family":"Secher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013062"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199808000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000049746.29175.3F"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.2.H321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000044939.73286.E2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1996.81.1.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02355.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.58.2.281"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.4.1469"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1998.0280f.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-2-00159.xm"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1989.101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Measurement of cerebral blood flow with two\u2010dimensional cine phase\u2010contrast MR imaging: evaluation of normal subjects and patients with vertigo","volume":"13","author":"Kashimada A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radiot Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.1985.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.78.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-5629(94)90025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00049.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00279.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.62.3.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.1996.564325000.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105484"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.1.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.25.1.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00782.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.12.2692"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.10133"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.67.2.744"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00260.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00616.2001"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2004.060574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T16:08:09Z","timestamp":1697040489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.060574","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]}}}