{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:47:01Z","timestamp":1761947221821},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Nicotine affects the regulation of skin blood flow (SkBF), but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We tested the hypothesis that acute exposure to nicotine inhibits both the initial neurally mediated component and the later sustained component of SkBF responses to local heating of non\u2010glabrous skin in humans. SkBF (measured by laser\u2010Doppler) responses to local heating of forearm skin from 32 to 42\u00b0C were measured in 11 chronic smokers. Heating occurred at one site over 15 min (RAMP) and over 90 s (STEP) at another site, and was maintained for an additional 30 min. STEP heating was also applied to a site pretreated with bretylium via iontophoresis to inhibit noradrenergic neurotransmission. Responses were measured before and after acute administration of nicotine via cigarettes or nasal spray in two experimental sessions. Nicotine decreased resting skin blood flow (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05); this response was inhibited by bretylium. During RAMP, nicotine increased the initial SkBF at 42\u00b0C (by \u223c12%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). For STEP, nicotine increased the initial peak response (by \u223c25%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), and decreased the sustained plateau value (by \u223c10%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In skin pretreated with bretylium, the increase caused by nicotine in the initial peak value persisted, but the plateau value was not different from pre\u2010nicotine. These data suggest that in abstinent cigarette smokers, nicotine augments initial responses to both gradual and rapid non\u2010painful heating of non\u2010glabrous skin by sensitizing the sensory nerves that mediate the axon reflex associated with rapid vasodilatation. In contrast, nicotine decreases SkBF responses to prolonged heating by activating noradrenergic nerves.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,24]],"date-time":"2004-07-24T01:27:41Z","timestamp":1090632461000},"page":"975-984","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Nicotine increases initial blood flow responses to local heating of human non\u2010glabrous skin"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"559","author":[{"given":"David O.","family":"Warner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Joyner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Charkoudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000456329803500406"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01167.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-09-03295.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39807"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.5.1719"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00345.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(67)90282-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00036-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197609092951101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00930-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005308"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1960.sp006401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(57)90180-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(43)90053-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8227(92)90116-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01575-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(97)90124-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.248"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199108000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199306000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(98)00322-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005594"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.58.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000541"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0033194"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1990.tb08899.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.6.3046"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1994.76.4.1651","article-title":"Nicotine and acetylcholine induce release of calcitonin gene\u2010related peptide from rat trachea","volume":"76","author":"Jinno S","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1989.257.5.H1599"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.86.4.1185"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.6.1222"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070707"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.0739u.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Peripheral vasoconstriction by tobacco demonstrated by skin temperature changes","volume":"29","author":"Maddock WG","year":"1932","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Medical"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021814"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","first-page":"1268","article-title":"Downregulation of nicotinic receptor function after chronic nicotine infusion","volume":"266","author":"Marks MJ","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","first-page":"1510","article-title":"Neural and endocrine circuits mediating inhibition of bradykinin\u2010induced plasma extravasation by subcutaneous and spinal\u2010intrathecal nicotine","volume":"277","author":"Miao FJ","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704031"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1619"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07369-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000017980"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90025-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.6.528"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.1.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","first-page":"H208","article-title":"Control of skin blood flow by whole body and local skin cooling in exercising humans","volume":"270","author":"Pergola PE","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1993.265.3.H785"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100850"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","first-page":"628","article-title":"Chronic and acute tolerance to subjective, behavioral and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in humans","volume":"270","author":"Perkins KA","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic model of tolerance: application to nicotine","volume":"244","author":"Porchet HC","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69030930.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00039896.1987.9935790"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199507310-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1944.02850290001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200003000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.133.10.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00494-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00539.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000024417.79275.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-001-0477-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200307000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0050157"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.1.397"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.3.R894"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1993.sp019466"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(42)91015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10073-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00882"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22761"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.2004.062943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T18:36:54Z","timestamp":1697308614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062943"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062943"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062943","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}}}