{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:49:25Z","timestamp":1792111765422,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1094688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In the ciliary muscle, the tonic contraction requires a sustained influx of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> through the cell membrane. However, little has hitherto been known about the route(s) of Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> influx in this tissue that lacks voltage\u2010gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels. To identify ion channels as the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> entry pathway we studied the effects of carbachol (CCh) on freshly isolated bovine ciliary muscle cells by whole\u2010cell voltage clamp. Experiments were carried out using pipettes filled with K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010free solution containing 100 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> caesium aspartate, 5 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> BAPTA and 180 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> GTP (pH 7.0; the intracellular free Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration, [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>= 70 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>). CCh evoked an inward current showing polarity reversal at a holding potential near 0 mV. Analysis of the current noise distinguished two types of non\u2010selective cation channel (NSCCL and NSCCS) with widely different unitary conductances (35 pS and 100 fS). The ratios of the permeabilities to Li<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Cs<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Sr<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> and Ba<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, estimated by cation replacement procedures, were 0.9: 1.0: 1.5: 0.2: 0.3: 0.4: 0.5 for NSCCL, and 1.0: 1.0: 1.8: 2.5: 2.6: 3.2: 5.0 for NSCCS. NSCCS, but not NSCCL, was strongly inhibited by elevation of [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Both NSCCL and NSCCS were dose\u2010dependently inhibited by 1\u2013100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> SKF96365, La<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup> and Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, which also inhibited the tonic component of the contraction produced in muscle bundles by CCh without markedly affecting the initial phasic component. NSCCL and\/or NSCCS may serve as a major Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> entry pathway required for sustained contraction of the bovine ciliary muscle. RT\u2010PCR experiments in the bovine ciliary muscle (whole tissue) detected mRNAs of several transient receptor potential (TRP) channel homologues (TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPC4 and TRPC6), which are now regarded as possible molecular candidates for receptor\u2010operated cation channels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.065607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,24]],"date-time":"2004-07-24T01:27:41Z","timestamp":1090632461000},"page":"899-922","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Two types of non\u2010selective cation channel opened by muscarinic stimulation with carbachol in bovine ciliary muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"559","author":[{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Takai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoichi","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ohinata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.75.5.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.013101"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp018039"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"175","article-title":"The response of non\u2010pregnant rat myometrium to oxytocin in Ca\u2010free solution","volume":"84","author":"Ashoori F","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.747ad.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/328275a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)55256-X","article-title":"Purification and characterization of two G\u2010proteins that activate the \u03b21 isozyme of phosphoinositide\u2010specific phospholipase C. 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