{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T22:31:27Z","timestamp":1773354687434,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,25]],"date-time":"2004-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093392000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sleep hypoventilation is common in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may contribute to daytime hypercapnia. The contributions of respiratory drive and respiratory mechanics to alterations in minute ventilation (<jats:styled-content><jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) during sleep in this group have not been assessed. We assessed <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, breathing pattern, upper airway and total lung resistance (UAR, <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>), intraoesohageal diaphragmatic EMG (EMG<jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub>), intrinsic positive end\u2010expiratory pressure (PEEP<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), dynamic compliance (<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>dyn<\/jats:sub>), pressure\u2013time product of oesophageal pressure (PTP<jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub>), tension\u2013time index of the diaphragm (TTI<jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>), end\u2010expiratory lung volume (EELV) and respiratory drive (assessed as the slope of <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub><jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> time in the isovolumetric interval before PEEP<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> is overcome). Measurements were made in wakefulness and non\u2010rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, on 76%N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/24%O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and on 76%He\/24%O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (heliox). Satisfactory data for analysis were obtained in 10 patients; five had measurements on heliox. <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> fell from (mean (<jats:sc>s.e.m.<\/jats:sc>)) 8.84(0.46) to 6.64(0.91 l min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.011) between wakefulness and stage II sleep, due to a fall in tidal volume. No changes were seen in PEEP<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>dyn<\/jats:sub>, EELV, PTP<jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub>, TTI<jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub>, EMG<jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub> or respiratory drive. UAR increased (3.11(0.8) to 10.24(2.96) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> s (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.013) but <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub> was unchanged. UAR was reduced on heliox (5.20(1.67) to 3.45(1.35) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O l<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> s, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.049) but <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> during sleep did not increase. PTP<jats:sub>oes<\/jats:sub> (350.2(51.0) to 259.4(46.3) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O s min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.016), TTI<jats:sub>di<\/jats:sub> (0.13(0.02) to 0.10(0.02) <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.04), and respiratory drive (20.48(4.69) to 15.02(4.57) cmH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.01) were all reduced. This suggests respiratory drive alters to maintain a preset <jats:styled-content><jats:italic>V\u0307<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>I<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> in sleep, irrespective of load, at least while the fatigue threshold of respiratory muscles is not exceeded.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.066084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,3]],"date-time":"2004-07-03T00:41:30Z","timestamp":1088815290000},"page":"663-673","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Changes in respiration in NREM sleep in hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"559","author":[{"given":"Fergal J.","family":"O'Donoghue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Catcheside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danny J.","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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