{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:00:59Z","timestamp":1789725659241,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,11]],"date-time":"2005-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1115769600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the present study, our aim was to determine whether intrafetal glucose infusion increases fetal adiposity, synthesis and secretion of leptin and regulates gene expression of the \u2018appetite regulatory\u2019 neuropeptides neuropepetide Y (NPY), agouti\u2010related peptide (AGRP), pro\u2010opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine\u2010 and amphetamine\u2010regulated transcript (CART) and receptors (leptin receptor (OB\u2010Rb) and melancortin 3 receptor (MC3R)) within the fetal hypothalamus. Glucose (50% dextrose in saline) or saline was infused (7.5 ml h\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) into fetal sheep between 130 and 140 days gestation (term = 150 \u00b1 3 days gestation). Glucose infusion increased circulating glucose and insulin concentrations, mean lipid locule size (532.8 \u00b1 3.3 \u03bcm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    456.7 \u00b1 14.8 \u03bcm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and total unilocular fat mass (11.7 \u00b1 0.6 g\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    8.9 \u00b1 0.6 g) of the perirenal fat depot. The expression of OB\u2010Rb mRNA was higher in the ventromedial nucleus compared to the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in both glucose and saline infused fetuses (\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8.04;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) and there was a positive correlation between expression of OB\u2010Rb and MC3R mRNA in the arcuate nucleus (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.81;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.005). Glucose infusion increased mRNA expression for POMC, but not for the anorectic neuropeptide CART, or the orexigenic neuropeptides NPY and AGRP, in the arcuate nucleus of the fetal hypothalamus. These findings demonstrate that increased circulating glucose and insulin regulate gene expression of the neuropeptides within the fetal hypothalamus that are part of the neural network regulating energy balance in adult life.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.079079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,20]],"date-time":"2005-01-20T20:13:54Z","timestamp":1106252034000},"page":"185-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Impact of glucose infusion on the structural and functional characteristics of adipose tissue and on hypothalamic gene expression for appetite regulatory neuropeptides in the sheep fetus during late gestation"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"565","author":[{"given":"B. S.","family":"M\u00fchlh\u00e4usler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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