{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:43:41Z","timestamp":1790696621711,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,22]],"date-time":"2005-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Reflex\u2010mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction (VC) is impaired in older humans; however, it is unclear whether this blunted VC also occurs during local cooling, which mediates VC through different mechanisms. We tested the hypothesis that the sensitization of cutaneous vessels to noradrenaline (NA) during direct skin cooling seen in young skin is blunted in aged skin. In 11 young (18\u201330 years) and 11 older (62\u201376 years) men and women, skin blood flow was monitored at two forearm sites with laser Doppler (LD) flowmetry while local skin temperature was cooled and clamped at 24\u00b0C. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; LD flux\/mean arterial pressure) was expressed as percentage change from baseline (%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>base<\/jats:sub>). At one site, five doses of NA (10<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup>\u201310<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) were sequentially infused via intradermal microdialysis during cooling while the other 24\u00b0C site served as control (Ringer solution + cooling). At control sites, VC due to cooling alone was similar in young <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> older (\u221254 \u00b1 5 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\u221256 \u00b1 3%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>base<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.46). In young, NA infusions induced additional dose\u2010dependent VC (10<jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup> and 10<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>: \u221270 \u00b1 2, \u221272 \u00b1 3, \u221278 \u00b1 3 and \u221279 \u00b1 4%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>base<\/jats:sub>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> control). In older subjects, further VC did not occur until the highest infused dose of NA (10<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup><jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>: \u221270 \u00b1 5%\u0394CVC<jats:sub>base<\/jats:sub>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> control). When cutaneous arterioles are sensitized to NA by direct cooling, young skin exhibits the capacity to further constrict to NA in a dose\u2010dependent manner. However, older skin does not display enhanced VC capacity until treated with saturating doses of NA, possibly due to age\u2010associated decrements in Ca<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup><jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> availability or \u03b1<jats:sub>2C<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.080788","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,11]],"date-time":"2005-02-11T01:17:45Z","timestamp":1108084665000},"page":"313-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Attenuated noradrenergic sensitivity during local cooling in aged human skin"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"564","author":[{"given":"Caitlin S.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lacy A.","family":"Holowatz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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