{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T13:16:44Z","timestamp":1791119804659,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,14]],"date-time":"2005-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alkalosis enhances human exercise performance, and reduces K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    loss in contracting rat muscle. We investigated alkalosis effects on K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    regulation, ionic regulation and fatigue during intense exercise in nine untrained volunteers. Concentric finger flexions were conducted at 75% peak work rate (\u223c3 W) until fatigue, under alkalosis (Alk, NaHCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , 0.3 g kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and control (Con, CaCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) conditions, 1 month apart in a randomised, double\u2010blind, crossover design. Deep antecubital venous (v) and radial arterial (a) blood was drawn at rest, during exercise and recovery, to determine arterio\u2010venous differences for electrolytes, fluid shifts, acid\u2013base and gas exchange. Finger flexion exercise barely perturbed arterial plasma ions and acid\u2013base status, but induced marked arterio\u2010venous changes. Alk elevated [HCO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] and\n                    <jats:styled-content>\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and lowered [H\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). Time to fatigue increased substantially during Alk (25 \u00b1 8%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05), whilst both [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    and [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    were reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.01) and [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>a\u2010v<\/jats:sub>\n                    during exercise tended to be greater (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.056,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8). Muscle K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    efflux at fatigue was greater in Alk (21.2 \u00b1 7.6 \u00b5mol min\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 32 \u00b1 7%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 6), but peak K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    uptake rate was elevated during recovery (15 \u00b1 7%,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05) suggesting increased muscle Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ,K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010ATPase activity. Alk induced greater [Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>\n                    , [Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>v<\/jats:sub>\n                    , muscle Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx and muscle lactate concentration ([Lac\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]) efflux during exercise and recovery (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The lower circulating [K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ] and greater muscle K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    uptake, Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    delivery and Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    uptake with Alk, are all consistent with preservation of membrane excitability during exercise. This suggests that lesser exercise\u2010induced membrane depolarization may be an important mechanism underlying enhanced exercise performance with Alk. Thus Alk was associated with improved regulation of K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Na\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    and Lac\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.094615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,26]],"date-time":"2005-10-26T03:13:42Z","timestamp":1130296422000},"page":"185-205","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Alkalosis increases muscle K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    release, but lowers plasma [K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    ] and delays fatigue during dynamic forearm exercise"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"570","author":[{"given":"Simon M.","family":"Sostaric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandford L.","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malcolm J.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Termboon","family":"Sangkabutra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Medved","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Medley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve E.","family":"Selig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Fairweather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Rutar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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