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We also used hippocampal cultures from Niemann\u2010Pick type C1\u2010deficient mice defective in intracellular cholesterol trafficking. These conditions revealed an augmentation in spontaneous neurotransmission detected electrically and an increase in spontaneous vesicle endocytosis judged by horseradish peroxidase uptake after cholesterol depletion by methyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010cyclodextrin. In contrast, responses evoked by action potentials and hypertonicity were severely impaired after the same treatments. The increase in spontaneous vesicle recycling and the decrease in evoked neurotransmission were reversible upon cholesterol addition. Cholesterol removal did not impact on the low level of evoked neurotransmission seen in the absence of synaptic vesicle SNARE protein synaptobrevin\u20102 whereas the increase in spontaneous fusion remained. These results suggest that synaptic cholesterol balances evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission by hindering spontaneous synaptic vesicle turnover and sustaining evoked exo\u2010endocytosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.123133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,15]],"date-time":"2006-12-15T01:39:07Z","timestamp":1166146747000},"page":"413-429","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Cholesterol\u2010dependent balance between evoked and spontaneous synaptic vesicle recycling"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"579","author":[{"given":"Catherine R.","family":"Wasser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Ertunc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ege 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