{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:15:06Z","timestamp":1769879706710,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,5]],"date-time":"2007-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1183593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypercapnic cerebrovascular reactivity is decreased in obstructive sleep apnoea and congestive heart disease perhaps as a result of repeated apnoeas. To test the hypothesis that repeated apnoeas blunt cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia, we studied breath hold divers and determined cerebrovascular reactivity by measuring changes in middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAV, cm s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) per mmHg change in end\u2010tidal partial pressure of CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/TJP_2235_mu1.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/>) in response to two hyperoxic hypercapnia rebreathing manoeuvres (modified Read protocol) in elite breath\u2010hold divers (BHD, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 7) and non\u2010divers (ND, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 7). In addition, ventilation and central (beat\u2010to\u2010beat stroke volume measurement with Modelflow technique) haemodynamics were determined. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia were blunted in BHD <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> ND largely due to lower breathing frequency. Cerebrovascular reactivity did not differ between groups (3.7 \u00b1 1.4 <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic> 3.4 \u00b1 1.3% mmHg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/TJP_2235_mu2.gif\" xlink:title=\"inline image\"\/> in BHD and ND, respectively; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.90) and the same was found for cerebral vascular resistance and MCAV recovery to baseline after termination of the CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> challenge. Cardiovascular parameters were not changed significantly during rebreathing in either group, except for a small increase in mean arterial pressure for both groups. Our findings indicate that the regulation of the cerebral circulation in response to hypercapnia is intact in elite breath\u2010hold divers, potentially as a protective mechanism against the chronic intermittent cerebral hypoxia and\/or hypercapnia that occurs during breath\u2010hold diving. These data also suggest that factors other than repeated apnoeas contribute to the blunting of cerebrovascular reactivity in conditions like sleep apnoea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.128991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,6]],"date-time":"2007-04-06T00:39:09Z","timestamp":1175819949000},"page":"723-730","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia is unimpaired in breath\u2010hold 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