{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T06:38:33Z","timestamp":1792737513634,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]],"date-time":"2007-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Intracellular recordings were made <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> from guinea\u2010pig cardiac ganglia to determine whether endogenous neuropeptides such as pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2010activating polypeptide (PACAP) or substance P released during tetanic neural stimulation modulate cardiac neurone excitability and\/or contribute to slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials (sEPSPs). When nicotinic and muscarinic receptors were blocked by hexamethonium and atropine, 20 Hz stimulation for 10 s initiated a sEPSP in all innervated neurones. In 40% of the cells, excitability was enhanced after termination of the sEPSP. This suggested that non\u2010cholinergic receptor\u2010mediated mechanisms contributed to the sEPSP and modulated neuronal excitability. Exogenous PACAP and substance P initiated a slow depolarization in the neurones whereas neuronal excitability was only increased by PACAP. When ganglia were treated with the PAC<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> antagonist PACAP6\u201038 (500 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), the sEPSP evoked by 20 Hz stimulation was reduced by \u223c50% and an enhanced excitability occurred in only 10% of the cells. These observations suggested that PACAP released from preganglionic nerve terminals during tetanic stimulation enhanced neuronal excitability and evoked sEPSPs. After addition of 1 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> PACAP to the bath, 7 of 9 neurones exhibited a tonic firing pattern whereas in untreated preparations, the neurons had a phasic firing pattern. PACAP6\u201038 (500 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) diminished the increase in excitability caused by 1 n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> PACAP so that only 4 of 13 neurones exhibited a tonic firing pattern and the other 9 cells retained a phasic firing pattern. These findings indicate that PACAP can be released by tetanic neural stimulation <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and increase the excitability of intrinsic cardiac neurones. We hypothesize that <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> PACAP released during preganglionic firing may modulate neurotransmission within the intrinsic cardiac ganglia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.134965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,11]],"date-time":"2007-05-11T01:04:05Z","timestamp":1178845445000},"page":"87-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Neurally released pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2010activating polypeptide enhances guinea pig intrinsic cardiac neurone excitability"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"582","author":[{"given":"John D.","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey L.","family":"Ardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald B.","family":"Hoover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodney L.","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp017995"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01079.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9766","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-23-09766.1998","article-title":"Pituitary adenylate cyclase\u2010activating polypeptide expression and modulation of neuronal excitability in guinea pig cardiac ganglia.","volume":"18","author":"Braas KM","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(88)90089-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000717)423:1<26::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218054"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404743200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020825"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.070060"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(94)00182-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.065bf.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012027"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Substance P. 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