{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:12:36Z","timestamp":1790831556932,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,14]],"date-time":"2007-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1194998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Two putative respiratory rhythm generators (RRGs), the para\u2010facial respiratory group (pFRG) and the pre\u2010B\u00f6tzinger complex (preB\u00f6tC), have been identified in the neonatal rodent brainstem. To elucidate their functional roles during the neonatal period, we evaluated developmental changes of these RRGs by optical imaging using a voltage\u2010sensitive dye. Optical signals, recorded from the ventral medulla of brainstem\u2013spinal cord preparations of neonatal (P0\u2013P4) rats (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 44), were analysed by a cross correlation method. With development during the first few postnatal days, the respiratory\u2010related activity in the pFRG reduced and shifted from a preinspiratory (P0\u2013P1) to an inspiratory (P2\u2013P4) pattern, whereas preB\u00f6tC activity remained unchanged. The \u03bc\u2010opioid agonist [\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    \u2010Ala(2),N\u2010Me\u2010Phe(4),Gly(5)\u2010ol]\u2010enkephalin (DAMGO) augmented preinspiratory activity in the pFRG, while the \u03bc\u2010opioid antagonist naloxone induced changes in spatiotemporal activation profiles that closely mimicked the developmental changes. These results are consistent with the recently proposed hypothesis by Janczewski and Feldman that the pFRG is activated to compensate for the depression of the preB\u00f6tC by perinatal opiate surge. We conclude that significant reorganization of the respiratory neuronal network, characterized by a reduction of preinspiratory activity in the pFRG, occurs at P1\u2013P2 in rats. The changes in spatiotemporal activation profiles of the pFRG neurones may reflect changes in the mode of coupling of the two respiratory rhythm generators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.138180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,20]],"date-time":"2007-09-20T20:40:36Z","timestamp":1190320836000},"page":"175-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Postnatal developmental changes in activation profiles of the respiratory neuronal network in the rat ventral medulla"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"585","author":[{"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Oku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruko","family":"Masumiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-02-01392.1995","article-title":"Optical signals from neurones with internally applied voltage\u2010sensitive dyes.","volume":"15","author":"Antic S","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(90)90165-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050355"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L33","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.1990.258.2.L33","article-title":"Respiratory activity in retrotrapezoid nucleus in cat.","volume":"258","author":"Connelly CA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91623-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)43007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1871"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","first-page":"2096","article-title":"Point: Counterpoint: the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG)\/pre\u2010B\u00f6tzinger complex (preB\u00f6tC) is the primary site of respiratory rhythm generation in the mammal. 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