{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:29:09Z","timestamp":1792531749419,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,12]],"date-time":"2009-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Presynaptic terminal depolarization modulates the efficacy of transmitter release. Residual Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> remaining after presynaptic depolarization is thought to play a critical role in facilitation of transmitter release, but its downstream mechanism remains unclear. By making simultaneous pre\u2010 and postsynaptic recordings at the rodent calyx of Held synapse, we have investigated mechanisms involved in the facilitation and depression of postsynaptic currents induced by presynaptic depolarization. In voltage\u2010clamp experiments, cancellation of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent presynaptic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> current (<jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>pCa<\/jats:sub>) facilitation revealed that this mechanism can account for 50% of postsynaptic current facilitation, irrespective of intraterminal EGTA concentrations. Intraterminal EGTA, loaded at 10 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>, failed to block postsynaptic current facilitation, but additional BAPTA at 1 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc> abolished it. Potassium\u2010induced sustained depolarization of non\u2010dialysed presynaptic terminals caused a facilitation of postsynaptic currents, superimposed on a depression, with the latter resulting from reductions in presynaptic action potential amplitude and number of releasable vesicles. We conclude that presynaptic depolarization bidirectionally modulates transmitter release, and that the residual Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> mechanism for synaptic facilitation operates in the immediate vicinity of voltage\u2010gated Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> channels in the nerve terminal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.168765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,30]],"date-time":"2009-04-30T00:34:06Z","timestamp":1241051646000},"page":"2987-3000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mechanisms underlying short\u2010term modulation of transmitter release by presynaptic depolarization"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"587","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Hori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1119055"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-18-05661.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(20000131)417:1<17::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020974"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.5.1919","article-title":"Singledomain\/bound calcium hypothesis of transmitter release and facilitation","volume":"75","author":"Bertram R","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42071-0","article-title":"Proteolysis of SNAP\u201025 by types E and A botulinal neurotoxins","volume":"269","author":"Binz T","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00196-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383431a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.143bx.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.149by.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0386"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-19-07190.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014067"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1998.723bd.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1954.sp005131"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078091"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0350-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00085-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03604.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81017-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1958.sp006048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-17-07262.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2104-04.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.089912"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-32-10445.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903280202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1968.sp008469"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3861-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.142547"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1295-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1986.55.1.131","article-title":"Presynaptic inhibition produced by an identified presynaptic inhibitory neuron. 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