{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T08:11:21Z","timestamp":1785831081577,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,14]],"date-time":"2009-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The guinea pig bladder is innervated by at least five distinct major classes of extrinsic sensory neurons. In this study, we have examined the mechanisms of mechanotransduction and chemosensitivity of two classes of bladder afferents that have their endings in the vicinity of the urothelium: stretch\u2010sensitive muscle\u2010mucosal mechanoreceptors and stretch\u2010insensitive, mucosal high\u2010responding afferents. The non\u2010selective P2 purinoreceptor antagonist pyridoxal phosphate\u20106\u2010azophenyl\u20102\u2032,4\u2032\u2010disulphonic acid did not affect stretch\u2010 or stroking\u2010induced firing of these afferents but significantly reduced the excitatory action of \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010methylene ATP. Blocking synaptic transmission in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010free solution did not affect stretch\u2010evoked firing but slightly reduced stretch\u2010induced tension responses. Stroking\u2010induced firing of both classes of afferents was also not affected in Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010free solution. Of blockers of mechano\u2010gated channels, benzamil (100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), but not amiloride (100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), Gd<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>(100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) or SKF 96365 (50 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), inhibited stretch\u2010 and stroking\u2010induced firing. Serotonin (100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) applied directly onto receptive fields predominantly activated muscle\u2010mucosal afferents. Muscarine (100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) and substance P (100 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) in 24% and 36% cases activated only mucosal high\u2010responding units. Bradykinin (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), but not prostaglandin E2 (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>), excites predominantly mucosal units. High (80 m<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>solution activated both afferent classes, but responses of mucosal units were 4 times greater. In contrast to muscle\u2010mucosal units, most mucosal high\u2010responding units were activated by hot Krebs solution (45\u201346\u00b0C), low pH (pH 4) and capsaicin (3 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>). TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepine (10 \u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) was without effect on mechanotransduction by mucosal high\u2010responding afferents. The results show that mechanotransduction of these two types of afferents are not dependant upon Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent exocytotic release of mediators, or ATP, and it is likely that benzamil\u2010sensitive stretch\u2010activated ion channels on their endings are involved in direct mechanotransduction. The chemosensitivity to agonists and noxious stimuli differs significantly between these two major classes of bladder afferents that reflects their different physiological and pathophysiological roles in the bladder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.172577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,27]],"date-time":"2009-05-27T02:08:47Z","timestamp":1243390127000},"page":"3523-3538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Mechanotransduction and chemosensitivity of two major classes of bladder afferents with endings in the vicinity to the urothelium"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"587","author":[{"given":"Vladimir P.","family":"Zagorodnyuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J. 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