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Immunofluorescence double labelling showed that rat RGCs were solely immunoreactive to melatonin MT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptors. Melatonin potentiated glycine currents of RGCs, which was reversed by the MT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptor antagonist 4\u2010P\u2010PDOT. The melatonin effect was blocked by intracellular dialysis of GDP\u2010\u03b2\u2010S. Either preincubation with pertussis toxin or application of the phosphatidylcholine (PC)\u2010specific phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor D609, but not the phosphatidylinositol (PI)\u2010PLC inhibitor U73122, blocked the melatonin effect. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA potentiated the glycine currents and in the presence of PMA melatonin failed to cause further potentiation of the currents, whereas application of the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide IV abolished the melatonin\u2010induced potentiation. The melatonin effect persisted when [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>was chelated by BAPTA, and melatonin induced no increase in [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. Neither cAMP\u2010PKA nor cGMP\u2010PKG signalling pathways seemed to be involved because 8\u2010Br\u2010cAMP or 8\u2010Br\u2010cGMP failed to cause potentiation of the glycine currents and both the PKA inhibitor H\u201089 and the PKG inhibitor KT5823 did not block the melatonin\u2010induced potentiation. In consequence, a distinct PC\u2010PLC\/PKC signalling pathway, following the activation of G<jats:sub>i\/o<\/jats:sub>\u2010coupled MT<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>receptors, is most likely responsible for the melatonin\u2010induced potentiation of glycine currents of rat RGCs. Furthermore, in rat retinal slices melatonin potentiated light\u2010evoked glycine receptor\u2010mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in RGCs. These results suggest that melatonin, being at higher levels at night, may help animals to detect positive or negative contrast in night vision by modulating inhibitory signals largely mediated by glycinergic amacrine cells in the inner retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.187641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,3]],"date-time":"2010-06-03T01:10:33Z","timestamp":1275527433000},"page":"2605-2619","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Melatonin potentiates glycine currents through a PLC\/PKC signalling pathway in rat retinal ganglion 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