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We show that in response to reduced placental substrate supply there is an increase in cardiac insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20102 (IGF\u20102) and the IGF\u20102 receptor (IGF\u20102R) in the fetus. Importantly, this effect is programmed because it is also present after birth in the lamb at 21 days of age. We also show that the increase in IGF\u20102 and IGF\u20102R gene expression is not epigenetically regulated through the <jats:italic>IGF\u20102\/H19<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>IGF\u20102R<\/jats:italic> methylation process. This study places the IGF\u20102 receptor signalling pathway as a prime candidate for mediating cardiac hypertrophy in fetal growth restriction before and after birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.211185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,2]],"date-time":"2011-08-02T02:23:12Z","timestamp":1312251792000},"page":"4709-4722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Fetal growth restriction and the programming of heart growth and cardiac insulin\u2010like growth factor 2 expression in the lamb"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"589","author":[{"given":"Kimberley C. W.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. 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