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Voltage\u2010gated proton channels are abundantly expressed in immune cells, including microglia, and play crucial roles in sustaining phagocytosis. We show that both lidocaine and bupivacaine increase the intracellular pH of microglia by their weak base properties and, consequently, inhibit proton channels. This is a novel mechanism underlying actions of local anaesthetics. Our results also indicate that the proton channel is a useful tool for monitoring the behaviours of lidocaine and bupivacaine across the cellular membrane.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.218149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,20]],"date-time":"2011-12-20T01:29:57Z","timestamp":1324344597000},"page":"827-844","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Inhibition of voltage\u2010gated proton channels by local anaesthetics in GMI\u2010R1 rat microglia"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"590","author":[{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Hasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Kuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Kawawaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyonobu","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Narahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000539-200112000-00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197402000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00028.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00062-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00373889"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091837"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)28443-9","article-title":"The site of action and active form of local anesthetics. 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