{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:10:29Z","timestamp":1790485829587,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,5]],"date-time":"2012-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"explicit-label\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Sympathetic activity has been reported to increase in normotensive pregnant women, and to be even greater in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia <jats:italic>at term<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Whether sympathetic overactivity develops early during pregnancy, remaining high throughout gestation, or whether it only occurs at term providing the substrate for hypertensive disorders is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>We found that vasomotor sympathetic activity was markedly greater, diastolic pressure trended lower, total peripheral resistance decreased, sympathetic vascular transduction was blunted, and renin and aldosterone both were higher during early pregnancy (i.e. \u22648 weeks of gestation) than pre\u2010pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>It is suggested that sympathetic activation is a common characteristic of <jats:italic>early<\/jats:italic> pregnancy in normotensive women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results help us better understand blood pressure control mechanisms during normal pregnancy in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2002<\/jats:bold> Sympathetic activity has been reported to increase in normotensive pregnant women, and to be even greater in women with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia <jats:italic>at term<\/jats:italic>. Whether sympathetic overactivity develops early during pregnancy, remaining high throughout gestation, or whether it only occurs at term providing the substrate for hypertensive disorders is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that sympathetic activation occurs <jats:italic>early<\/jats:italic> during pregnancy in humans. Eleven healthy women (29 \u00b1 3 (SD) years) without prior hypertensive pregnancies were tested during the mid\u2010luteal phase (PRE) and early pregnancy (EARLY; 6.2 \u00b1 1.2 weeks of gestation). Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and haemodynamics were measured supine, at 30 deg and 60 deg upright tilt for 5 min each. Blood samples were drawn for catecholamines, direct renin, and aldosterone. MSNA was significantly greater during EARLY than PRE (supine: 25 \u00b1 8 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 14 \u00b1 8 bursts min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, 60 deg tilt: 49 \u00b1 14 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 40 \u00b1 10 bursts min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; main effect, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Resting diastolic pressure trended lower (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.09), heart rate was similar, total peripheral resistance decreased (2172 \u00b1 364 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 2543 \u00b1 352 dyne s cm<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), sympathetic vascular transduction was blunted (0.10 \u00b1 0.05 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 0.36 \u00b1 0.47 units a.u.<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> min<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01), and both renin (supine: 27.9 \u00b1 6.2 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 14.2 \u00b1 8.7 pg ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) and aldosterone (supine: 16.7 \u00b1 14.1 <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>. 7.7 \u00b1 6.8 ng ml<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.05) were higher during EARLY than PRE. These results suggest that sympathetic activation is a common characteristic of <jats:italic>early<\/jats:italic> pregnancy in humans despite reduced diastolic pressure and total peripheral resistance. These observations challenge conventional thinking about blood pressure regulation during pregnancy, showing marked sympathetic activation occurring within the first few weeks of conception, and may provide the substrate for pregnancy induced cardiovascular complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.228262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T05:59:34Z","timestamp":1339480774000},"page":"3535-3543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Sympathetic activation during early pregnancy in humans"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"590","author":[{"given":"Sara S.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany 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