{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:13:27Z","timestamp":1791036807556,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,10]],"date-time":"2012-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2002<\/jats:bold> The cardioaccelerator and ventilatory responses to rhythmic exercise in the human are commonly viewed as being mediated predominantly via feedforward \u2018central command\u2019 mechanisms, with contributions from locomotor muscle afferents to the sympathetically mediated pressor response. We have assessed the relative contributions of three types of feedback afferents on the cardiorespiratory response to voluntary, rhythmic exercise by inhibiting their normal \u2018tonic\u2019 activity in healthy animals and humans and in chronic heart failure. Transient inhibition of the <jats:italic>carotid chemoreceptors<\/jats:italic> during moderate intensity exercise reduced muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and increased limb vascular conductance and blood flow; and reducing the normal level of <jats:italic>respiratory muscle work<\/jats:italic> during heavier intensity exercise increased limb vascular conductance and blood flow. These cardiorespiratory effects were prevented via ganglionic blockade and were enhanced in chronic heart failure and in hypoxia. Blockade of \u03bc opioid sensitive locomotor muscle afferents, with preservation of central motor output via intrathecal fentanyl: (a) reduced the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate and ventilatory responses to all steady state exercise intensities; and (b) during sustained high intensity exercise, reduced O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> transport, increased central motor output and end\u2010exercise muscle fatigue and reduced endurance performance. We propose that these three afferent reflexes \u2013 probably acting in concert with feedforward central command \u2013 contribute significantly to preserving O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> transport to locomotor and to respiratory muscles during exercise. Locomotor muscle afferents also appear to provide feedback concerning the metabolic state of the muscle to influence central motor output, thereby limiting peripheral fatigue development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.233908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,24]],"date-time":"2012-07-24T03:00:24Z","timestamp":1343098824000},"page":"4129-4144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["New perspectives concerning feedback influences on cardiorespiratory control during rhythmic exercise and on exercise performance"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"590","author":[{"given":"Jerome 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