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In the present study we evaluated the central mechanisms underpinning the SH\u2010induced changes in the respiratory pattern and their impact on the sympathetic outflow. Using a decerebrated arterially perfused <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> preparation, we verified that juvenile rats exposed to SH (10% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) for 24\u00a0h presented an active expiratory pattern, with increased abdominal, hypoglossal and vagal activities during late\u2010expiration (late\u2010E). SH also enhanced the activity of augmenting\u2010expiratory neurones and depressed the activity of post\u2010inspiratory neurones of the B\u00f6tzinger complex (B\u00f6tC) by mechanisms not related to changes in their intrinsic electrophysiological properties. SH rats exhibited high thoracic sympathetic activity and arterial pressure levels associated with an augmented firing frequency of pre\u2010sympathetic neurones of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) during the late\u2010E phase. The antagonism of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors in the B\u00f6tC\/RVLM abolished the late\u2010E bursts in expiratory and sympathetic outputs of SH rats, indicating that glutamatergic inputs to the B\u00f6tC\/RVLM are essential for the changes in the expiratory and sympathetic coupling observed in SH rats. We also observed that the usually silent late\u2010E neurones of the retrotrapezoid nucleus\/parafacial respiratory group became active in SH rats, suggesting that this neuronal population may provide the excitatory drive essential to the emergence of active expiration and sympathetic overactivity. We conclude that short\u2010term SH induces the activation of medullary expiratory neurones, which affects the pattern of expiratory motor activity and its coupling with sympathetic activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.262212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T03:34:02Z","timestamp":1394508842000},"page":"2013-2033","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Short\u2010term sustained hypoxia induces changes in the coupling of sympathetic and respiratory activities in rats"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"592","author":[{"given":"Davi J. A.","family":"Moraes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leni G. H.","family":"Bonagamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kau\u00ea M.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o H.","family":"Costa\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Zoccal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedito H.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology School of Medicine of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto University of S\u00e3o Paulo  Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 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