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In contrast, the same treatment after asphyxia increased brain injury. We hypothesised that increased injury was in part mediated by a mismatch between oxygen demand and oxygen supply. In preterm fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation we measured cerebral oxygenation using near\u2010infrared spectroscopy, electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, and carotid blood flow (CaBF) from 24\u00a0h before until 72\u00a0h after asphyxia induced by 25\u00a0min of umbilical cord occlusion. Ewes received dexamethasone intramuscularly (12\u00a0mg\u00a03\u00a0ml<jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>) or saline 15\u00a0min after the end of asphyxia. Fetuses were studied for 3\u00a0days after occlusion. During the first 6\u00a0h of recovery after asphyxia, dexamethasone treatment was associated with a significantly greater fall in CaBF (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), increased carotid vascular resistance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and a greater fall in cerebral oxygenation as measured by the difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin (delta haemoglobin; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). EEG activity was similarly suppressed in both groups. From 6 to 10\u00a0h onward, dexamethasone treatment was associated with a return of CaBF to saline control levels, increased EEG power (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.005), greater epileptiform transient activity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), increased oxidised cytochrome oxidase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05) and an attenuated increase in [delta haemoglobin] (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). In conclusion, dexamethasone treatment after asphyxia is associated with greater hypoperfusion in the critical latent phase, leading to impaired intracerebral oxygenation that may exacerbate neural injury after asphyxia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.281253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,9]],"date-time":"2014-11-09T11:11:10Z","timestamp":1415531470000},"page":"5493-5505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["The effects of dexamethasone on post\u2010asphyxial cerebral oxygenation in the preterm fetal sheep"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"592","author":[{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Lear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group Department of Physiology The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam E.","family":"Koome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fetal Physiology and 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