{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:33:43Z","timestamp":1791297223634,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/F017146\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/F017146\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["BB\/F017146\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/F017146\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"P.S.H. and in part by a British Heart Foundation Project","award":["PG\/13\/79\/30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/13\/79\/30429"]}]},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Project","award":["PG\/13\/79\/30429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PG\/13\/79\/30429"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) integrates visceral afferent information essential for cardiovascular haemostasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Using fast\u2010cyclic voltammetry in anaesthetized rats, 5\u2010HT (serotonin) release was detected in NTS in response to activation of these afferents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Removal of 5\u2010HT from the extracellular space is usually regulated by the low\u2010capacity, high\u2010affinity 5\u2010HT transporter (5\u2010HTT\/SERT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The present data demonstrate that 5\u2010HT removal in the NTS is regulated by the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), a high\u2010capacity, low\u2010affinity transporter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The present data also demonstrate that the 5\u2010HT released by afferent activation comes from at least two different sources. It is suggested that one of these sources is the afferents themselves.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These results demonstrate a physiological role for the low\u2010affinity uptake transporter in the regulation of 5\u2010HT concentration in NTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) integrates inputs from cardiovascular afferents and thus is crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis. These afferents primarily release glutamate, although 5\u2010HT has also been shown to play a role in their actions. Using fast\u2010cyclic voltammetry, an increase in 5\u2010HT concentrations (range 12\u201350\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) could be detected in the NTS in anaesthetized rats in response to electrical stimulation of the vagus and activation of cardiopulmonary, chemo\u2010 and baroreceptor reflexes. This 5\u2010HT signal was not potentiated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) or the noradrenaline transporter (NET) inhibitors citalopram and desipramine (1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). However, decynium\u201022 (600\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), an organic cation\u00a03 transporter (OCT3)\/plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) inhibitor, increased the 5\u2010HT signal by 111\u00a0\u00b1\u00a021% from 29\u00a0\u00b1\u00a010\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>. The effectiveness of these inhibitors was tested against the removal time of 5\u2010HT and noradrenaline applied by microinjection to the NTS. Citalopram and decynium\u201022 attenuated the removal of 5\u2010HT but not noradrenaline, whereas desipramine had the reverse action. The OCT3 inhibitor corticosterone (10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) had no effect. Blockade of glutamate receptors with topical kynurenate (10\u201350\u00a0n<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) reduced the vagally evoked 5\u2010HT signal by 50%, indicating that this release was from at least two sources. It is concluded that vagally evoked 5\u2010HT release is under the regulation of the high\u2010capacity, low\u2010affinity transporter PMAT, not the low\u2010capacity, high\u2010affinity transporter SERT. This is the first demonstration that PMAT may be playing a physiological role in the regulation of 5\u2010HT transmission and this could indicate that 5\u2010HT is acting, in part, as a volume transmitter within the NTS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T10:14:53Z","timestamp":1424340893000},"page":"1715-1729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cardiovascular afferents cause the release of 5\u2010HT in the nucleus tractus solitarii; this release is regulated by the low\u2010 (PMAT) not the high\u2010affinity transporter (SERT)"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"593","author":[{"given":"Patrick S.","family":"Hosford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology University College London  Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry  Whitechapel London E1 2AD UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Ramage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology University College London  Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.56.030194.000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3502-07.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)10037-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1990.tb14088.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990628)409:2<187::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Electrochemical Methods in Neuroscience for Methods and New Frontiers in Neuroscience","author":"Daws LC","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.170142"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.016832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(95)00234-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(80)90032-1"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine containing neurons in the central nervous system. 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