{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:27:03Z","timestamp":1790681223171,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"abstract":"Key points<\/jats:title>The oxygen cost of breathing represents a significant fraction of total oxygen uptake during intense exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>At a given ventilation, women have a greater work of breathing compared with men, and because work is linearly related to oxygen uptake we hypothesized that their oxygen cost of breathing would also be greater.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>For a given ventilation, women had a greater absolute oxygen cost of breathing, and this represented a greater fraction of total oxygen uptake.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>Regardless of sex, those who developed expiratory flow limitation had a greater oxygen cost of breathing at maximal exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>The greater oxygen cost of breathing in women indicates that a greater fraction of total oxygen uptake (and possibly cardiac output) is directed to the respiratory muscles, which may influence blood flow distribution during exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item><\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Abstract<\/jats:title>We compared the oxygen cost of breathing () in healthy men and women over a wide range of exercise ventilations (). Eighteen subjects (nine women) completed 4\u00a0days of testing. First, a step\u2010wise maximal cycle exercise test was completed for the assessment of spontaneous breathing patterns. Next, subjects were familiarized with the voluntary hyperpnoea protocol used to estimate. During the final two visits, subjects mimicked multiple times (four to six) the breathing patterns associated with five or six different exercise stages. Each trial lasted 5\u00a0min, and on\u2010line pressure\u2013volume and flow\u2013volume loops were superimposed on target loops obtained during exercise to replicate the work of breathing accurately. At \u223c55 l\u00a0min\u22121<\/jats:sup>,was significantly greater in women. At maximal ventilation, the absolutewas not different (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a00.05) between the sexes, but represented a significantly greater fraction of whole\u2010bodyin women (13.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.5\u00a0vs<\/jats:italic>. 9.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.1%). During heavy exercise at 92 and 100%, the unit cost ofwas +0.7 and +1.1\u00a0ml\u00a0O2<\/jats:sub>l\u22121<\/jats:sup>greater in women (P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.05). At, men and women who developed expiratory flow limitation had a significantly greaterthan those who did not (435\u00a0\u00b1\u00a044\u00a0vs<\/jats:italic>. 331\u00a0\u00b1\u00a030\u00a0ml\u00a0O2<\/jats:sub>\u00a0min\u22121<\/jats:sup>). In conclusion, women have a greaterfor a given, and this represents a greater fraction of whole\u2010body. The greaterin women may have implications for the integrated physiological response to exercise.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.285965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,4]],"date-time":"2015-02-04T14:58:46Z","timestamp":1423061926000},"page":"1965-1979","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":130,"title":["Oxygen cost of exercise hyperpnoea is greater in women compared with men"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"593","author":[{"given":"Paolo B.","family":"Dominelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline N.","family":"Render","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Molgat\u2010Seon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen E.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia Kelowna BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee M.","family":"Romer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance Brunel University London Uxbridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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