{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:43:57Z","timestamp":1765485837235},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1976,4,1]],"date-time":"1976-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":197164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. The membrane responses of rabbit papillary muscles to rapid changes in [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> and [Cl]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> were measured with open\u2010tipped micropipettes and with closed micropipettes made from K\u2010selective glass.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. The muscle cells behaved primarily as a K electrode, and responses to changes in [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> with constant [Cl]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> or with constant [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> \u00d7 [Cl]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> were substantially the same.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. When [Cl]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was changed at a constant [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> the membrane potentials changed rapidly and symmetrically by a small value and remained constant for 30 min.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. Measurement of potential with K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010selective micro\u2010electrodes in these experiments showed no change in intracellular K activity. In addition to permitting calculation of K permeability, these measurements reassured us that the K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\u2010selective electrodes were well insulated and not influenced by electrical shunts at the impalement site.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. Although the membrane response to changes in [Cl]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was small, it was possible to calculate that the permeability ratio (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>), was 0\u00b711. The Cl and K conductances were about 0\u00b7015 mmho\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 0\u00b709 mmho\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> respectively, resulting in a conductance ratio (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>Cl<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>K<\/jats:sub>) of about 0\u00b717.<\/jats:p><jats:p>6. The time course of depolarization by increase in [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was rapid (half\u2010time 5 sec), but repolarization on return to lower [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was much slower (half\u2010time 50 sec). The depolarization time course was easily fitted by the potential change calculated by assuming the need for K diffusion into the extracellular spaces and taking account of the logarithmic relation between membrane potential and [K]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>. These calculations did not fit the time course of repolarization, which was slowed in the fashion expected from an inward\u2010rectifying membrane.<\/jats:p><jats:p>7. The influence of [K]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> on membrane potential was investigated by changes in tonicity of the external solution. Hypotonic solution produced a change in intracellular K activity close to that produced by ideal water movement. However, in hypertonic solution, intracellular K activity did not rise as much as predicted, suggesting a change in intracellular activity coefficient.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T09:01:03Z","timestamp":1418979663000},"page":"663-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Influence of changes in external potassium and chloride ions on membrane potential and intracellular potassium ion activity in rabbit ventricular muscle"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"256","author":[{"given":"Harry A.","family":"Fozzard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin Ok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1976,4]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1976.sp011345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T06:26:43Z","timestamp":1699252003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1976,4]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1976,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011345","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1976,4]]}}}