{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:46:34Z","timestamp":1769240794909,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1977,10,1]],"date-time":"1977-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":244512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. A study has been made of the effects of changing the external calcium concentration, [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, and the temperature on both the number of quanta available for release by the nerve impulse (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>) as well as the increase in release probability of a quantum <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>) during the release period (from 0 to <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>) following a nerve impulse at synapses in amphibian striated muscle.<\/jats:p><jats:p>2. When [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was increased in the low range from 0\u00b725 to 0\u00b74 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> at 18 \u00b0C, the average quantal content of the e.p.p. (<jats:italic>m\u0304<\/jats:italic>) increased as the fourth power of [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> and this was primarily due to a third power dependence of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> on [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>; the dissociation constants and power dependence of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> on calcium determined in the [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> range from 0\u00b725 to 1\u00b70 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> were successfully used to predict the changes in size of the e.p.p. in the very high [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> range from 1 to 10 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. When the temperature was increased from 7 to 18 \u00b0C in a [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> of 0\u00b76 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> or 0\u00b735 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> increased with a <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> of 2\u00b75.<\/jats:p><jats:p>3. When [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> was increased in the range from 0\u00b725 to 1\u00b70 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> at 18 \u00b0C, the probability that a quantum initially available for release is released during the release period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>)) was very sensitive to [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub>, increasing as the third power of [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> and with a dissociation constant of 0\u00b713 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. When the temperature was increased from 7 to 18 \u00b0C in a [Ca]<jats:sub>o<\/jats:sub> of 0\u00b76 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc> or 0\u00b735 m\n<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>) decreased.<\/jats:p><jats:p>4. The histograms of latencies of individual quanta following a nerve impulse was very temperature dependent: the time to peak of the histograms (i.e. the interval in which most quanta fell) had a <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> of over 4 as did the time constant of decline of the histograms in the temperature range from 7 to 18 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p><jats:p>5. The average number of quanta released up to time <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> during the release period following a nerve impulse, namely <jats:italic>np<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>), was well described by a stochastic process in which <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>) was determined by two reactions; one of these reactions released available quanta from the nerve terminal whilst the other made some of the available quanta unavailable for release by the nerve impulse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T08:18:13Z","timestamp":1418977093000},"page":"641-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The effect of calcium ions and temperature on the binomial parameters that control acetylcholine release by a nerve impulse at amphibian neuromuscular synapses"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"271","author":[{"given":"M. R.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"T.","family":"Florin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.","family":"Quine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1977.sp012019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T03:23:21Z","timestamp":1699241001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1977.sp012019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,10]]}}}