{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T19:57:53Z","timestamp":1715543873547},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1979,1,1]],"date-time":"1979-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":283996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>1. Application of voltage clamp pulses (1\u2010\u201010 sec) to frog ventricular strips causes temporary changes in the extracellular K concentration. 2. The changes in the extracellular K concentration can be estimated from (a) slowly decaying post\u2010clamp after\u2010potentials, (b) changes in the action potential duration, and (c) measurements with a K\u2010selective micro\u2010electrode. 3. The depolarization of the resting potential and the shortening of the action potential are present in approximately the same proportions during voltage\u2010clamp induced extracellular K accumulation and during perfusion with a K\u2010ricn Ringer solution but small consistent differences are noticed. 4. The measurements of the after\u2010potential, the action potential shortening, and the K\u2010electrode response were analysed as indicators of extracellular K+ activity and it was concluded that the after\u2010potential provides the most convenient and reliable estimate of the absolute magnitude of the voltage\u2010clamp induced extracellular K accumulation. 5. The depolarizing after\u2010potentials decay more slowly than the hyperpolarizing after\u2010potentials but it is found that this reflects the selectivity of the membrane to K+ concentrations as predicted by the Nernst or the Goldman equations. 6. Analysis of the redistribution of accumulated K+ from the decay of the after\u2010potential suggests that the major part of the redistribution process can be described by a single time constant (2\u2010\u20104 sec). A much longer time constant is required for a smaller component of the 'tail' in order to bring [K]o to the normal resting state. 7. N\u2010shaped relations similar to the 'steady state' current\u2010voltage relation are obtained when the post\u2010clamp after\u2010potential, the action potential shortening, and the K\u2010electrode response are plotted versus the clamped membrane potential. The maxima of these curves are located around \u201040 mV and the minima around \u201020 mV. 8. In spite of a significant outward membrane current (1\u2010\u20101.5 microamperemeter) in the minimum region (\u201020 mV), the post\u2010clamp after\u2010potential is often hyperpolarizing in nature suggesting extracellular K depletion. 9. These findings indicate that the K efflux is lower at \u201020 mV than at both higher and lower potentials and suggest that the N\u2010shape 'steady state' current\u2010voltage relation mainly reflects the voltage dependency of the K current. 10. A theory for K accumulation in a single compartment is presented which predicts that a simple linear RC\u2010circuit may describe the electrical response of the preparation in a limited potential range around the resting potential. The extracellular accumulation space was estimated to be 13\u2010\u201016% of the total volume of the preparation. It is tentatively suggested that the accumulation space is equivalent to the subendothelial fraction of the extracellular space.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,19]],"date-time":"2014-12-19T07:32:45Z","timestamp":1418974365000},"page":"83-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Extracellular potassium accumulation in voltage\u2010clamped frog ventricular muscle."],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"286","author":[{"given":"L","family":"Cleemann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Morad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"container-title":["The Journal of Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1113%2Fjphysiol.1979.sp012608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T18:24:58Z","timestamp":1699208698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012608","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3751","1469-7793"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3751","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-7793","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,1]]}}}