{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T11:22:25Z","timestamp":1775128945521,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/72610\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/72610\/2010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Experimental Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"New Findings<\/jats:title>\n\nWhat is the central question of this study?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\nDo the mechanical differences between swimming, rowing, running and cycling have a potential effect on the oxygen uptake () off\u2010kinetics after an exercise sustained until exhaustion at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake () intensity?<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n\nWhat is the main finding and its importance?<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\nThe mechanical differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct amplitude of the fast component (higher in running compared with cycling) and time constant (higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling) in the off\u2010kinetic patterns at 100% of intensity. This suggests that swimmers, unlike rowers and cyclists, would benefit more from a longer duration of training intervals after each set of exercise performed at intensity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>The kinetics of oxygen uptake () during recovery (off\u2010transient kinetics) for different exercise modes is largely unexplored, hampering the prescription of training and recovery to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the off\u2010transient kinetics response between swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists during their specific mode of exercise at 100% of maximal oxygen uptake () intensity and to examine the on\u2013off symmetry. Groups of swimmers, rowers, runners and cyclists (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08 per group) performed (i) an incremental exercise protocol to assess the velocity or power associated with ( or , respectively) and (ii) a square\u2010wave exercise transition from rest to until volitional exhaustion. Pulmonary exchange parameters were measured using a telemetric portable gas analyser (K4b2<\/jats:sup>; Cosmed, Rome, Italy), and the on\u2010 and off\u2010transient kinetics were analysed through a double\u2010exponential approach. For all exercise modes, both transient periods were symmetrical in shape once they had both been adequately fitted by a double\u2010exponential model. However, differences were found in the off\u2010kinetic parameters between exercise modes; the amplitude of the fast component of the off\u2010response was higher in running compared with cycling (48\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 and 36\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07\u00a0ml\u00a0kg\u22121<\/jats:sup>\u00a0min\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and the time constant of the same phase was higher in swimming compared with rowing and cycling (63\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05, 56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05 and 55\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03\u00a0s, respectively; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Although both phases were well described by a double\u2010exponential model, the differences between exercise modes had a potential effect and contributed to distinct off\u2010transient kinetic patterns at 100% of intensity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1113\/ep085014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,10]],"date-time":"2015-04-10T21:33:38Z","timestamp":1428701618000},"page":"719-729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Exercise modality effect on oxygen uptake off\u2010transient kinetics at maximal oxygen uptake intensity"],"prefix":"10.1113","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ferran A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEFC\u2010Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. Paulo","family":"Vilas\u2010Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, LABIOMEP University of Porto Porto Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport University of Porto Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, LABIOMEP University of Porto Porto 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