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Performance issues based on real-time, reliability, and safety will be discussed relating to manufacturing factory automation designed and implemented with component-based, plug-and-play open-architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1351819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:04:46Z","timestamp":1027760686000},"page":"92-99","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Real-Time Computing in Open Systems for Manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Harry H.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616"}]},{"given":"Frederick","family":"Proctor,","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899"}]},{"given":"John L.","family":"Michaloski, and","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899"}]},{"given":"William P.","family":"Shackleford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100416562401100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Proctor, F., and Albus, J., 1997, \u201cOpen Architecture Controllers,\u201d IEEE Spectr., 34, No. 6, pp. 60\u201364.","DOI":"10.1109\/6.591666"},{"key":"2019100416562401100_r2","unstructured":"Wright, P. 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