{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:04:59Z","timestamp":1760547899235,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One important aspect of product lifecycle management (PLM) is the computer-sensible representation of product information. Over the past 15 years or so, several languages and technologies have emerged that vary in their emphasis and applicability for such usage. ISO 10303, informally known as the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP), contains the high-quality product information models needed for electronic business solutions. By using STEP, the aerospace, automotive, and shipbuilding industries are saving $150M\/yr primarily in areas related to geometric modeling. However, traditional STEP-based model information is represented using languages that are unfamiliar to most application developers, thus impeding widespread usage in other areas. This paper discusses efforts underway to make STEP information models available via mechanisms familiar to more business application developers, specifically XML and the Unified Modeling Language\u2122 (UML\u00ae). We also present a vision and roadmap for STEP integration with XML, UML, and other technologies to enable enhanced PLM interoperability. Our conclusion is that STEP, XML, and UML are complementary technologies, where STEP provides significant standardized content models, while XML and UML provide enhanced implementation methods. Together, they are a powerful force to enable pervasive digital representation and sharing of diverse technical information.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1818683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]],"date-time":"2005-01-04T23:00:41Z","timestamp":1104879641000},"page":"379-390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["STEP, XML, and UML: Complementary Technologies1"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Russell S.","family":"Peak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Manufacturing Research Center, 813 Ferst Drive, MARC 373, Atlanta, GA\u200930332-0560"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Lubell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD\u200920899-8263"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Corporation, 1133 Westchester Avenue, Mail Drop 160, White Plains, NY\u200910604"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Waterbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 562, Greenbelt, MD\u200920771"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100409225155500_r1","unstructured":"W3C, 2004, Extensible Markup Language (XML) v1.0, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/REC-xml."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r2","unstructured":"ISO 10303-1:1994, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration\u2014Product Data Representation and Exchange-Part 1: Description Methods: Overview and Fundamental Principles."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r3","unstructured":"Kemmerer, S., ed., 1999, STEP: The Grand Experience, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIST SP 939, http:\/\/www.mel.nist.gov\/msidlibrary\/publications.html."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r4","unstructured":"Object Management Group, 2003, OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification v1.5, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/technology\/documents\/formal\/uml.htm."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r5","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC34 N0029, 1998, Document Description and Processing Languages\u2013Final Text of Revised TC2 to ISO 8879:1986, http:\/\/www.y12.doe.gov\/sgml\/sc34\/document\/0029.htm."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r6","unstructured":"ISO 8879:1986, Information Processing\u2014Text and Office Systems\u2014Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r7","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC PRF 19501, 2004, Information Technology\u2014Open Distributed Processing\u2014Unified Modeling Language (UML) v1.4.2."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r8","unstructured":"W3C, 2003, SOAP v1.2 Part 0: Primer, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/soap12-part0."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r9","unstructured":"Gallaher, M. 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Extended Lecture,\u201d Shinshu University, Nagano City, Japan, http:\/\/eislab.gatech.edu\/pubs\/seminars-etc\/2002-04-shinshu-peak."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r13","unstructured":"ISO 10303-11:1994, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration\u2014Product Data Representation and Exchange\u2014Part 11: Description Methods: The EXPRESS Language Reference Manual."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r14","unstructured":"ISO 10303-41:2000, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration\u2014Product Data Representation and Exchange\u2014Part 41: Integrated Generic Resource: Fundamentals of Product Description and Support."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r15","unstructured":"ISO 10303-21:2002, Industrial Automation Systems and Integration\u2014Product Data Representation and Exchange\u2014Part 21: Implementation Methods: Clear Text Encoding of the Exchange Structure."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r16","unstructured":"Carlson, D., 2001, Modeling XML Applications with UML: Practical e-Business Applications, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r17","unstructured":"ISO TC184\/SC4\/WG11 N223, ISO\/WD 10303-28, 2004, Product Data Representation and Exchange: Implementation Methods: XML Schema Governed Representation of EXPRESS Schema Governed Data."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r18","unstructured":"Lubell, J., 2002, \u201cFrom Model to Markup: XML Representation of Product Data,\u201d XML Conference, Baltimore, MD, http:\/\/www.mel.nist.gov\/msidlibrary\/publications.html."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r19","unstructured":"W3C, 2001, XML Schema Part 0: Primer, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xmlschema-0."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r20","unstructured":"W3C, 1999, XML Path Language, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xpath."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r21","unstructured":"ISO TC184\/SC4\/WG11 N204, ISO\/CD TS 10303-25, 2003, Product Data Representation and Exchange: Implementation Methods: EXPRESS to XMI Binding."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r22","unstructured":"Price, D., 2004, \u201cAn Introduction to ISO STEP Part 25,\u201d http:\/\/www.exff.org."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r23","unstructured":"Object Management Group, 2002, OMG XML Metadata Interchange Specification v1.2, http:\/\/www.omg.org\/technology\/documents\/formal\/xmi.htm."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r24","unstructured":"W3C, 1999, XSL Transformations (XSLT) v1.0, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/xslt."},{"key":"2019100409225155500_r25","unstructured":"Peak, R. 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