{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T02:39:46Z","timestamp":1791081586287,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To optimize the performance of off-road bicycle suspension systems, a dynamic model of the bicycle\/rider system would be useful. This paper takes a major step toward this goal by developing a dynamic system model of the cyclist. To develop the cyclist model, a series of four vibrational tests utilizing random inputs was conducted on seven experienced off-road cyclists. This allowed the transfer functions for the arms and legs to be determined. To reproduce the essential features (i.e., resonance peaks) of the experimental transfer functions, the system model included elements representing the visceral mass along with the arms and legs. Through simulations, the frequency responses of the system model of the rider in each of the four tests were computed. Optimal stiffness and damping parameter values for each subject were determined by minimizing the difference between the experimental and simulation results. Good agreement between experimental and simulation results indicates that modeling the rider as a lumped parameter system with linear springs and dampers is possible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2796088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T20:37:32Z","timestamp":1203626252000},"page":"248-253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A Dynamic System Model of an Off-Road Cyclist"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"E. L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Reno, NV 89557"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Davis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100604083185400_r1","unstructured":"Suggs\n              C. W.\n            , and MishoeJ. W., \u201cHand-Arm Vibration: Implications Drawn From Lumped Parameter Models,\u201d Proc. International Occupational Hand-Arm Vibration Conference, Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Washington, DC, Publication No. (NIOSH) 77-170, 1977, pp. 136\u2013141."},{"key":"2019100604083185400_r2","unstructured":"Wong, M. G., and Hull, M. H., \u201cTransfer Function Measurement of the Arms in Flexion,\u201d Advances in Bioengineering, ASME, New York, 1981, pp. 167\u2013170."},{"key":"2019100604083185400_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bennett\n              D. J.\n            , HollerbachJ. 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