{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T22:24:32Z","timestamp":1767651872273},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes the design and accuracy evaluation of a dynamometric pedal, which measures the two pedal force components in the plane of the bicycle. To realize a design that could be used during actual off-road cycling, a popular clipless pedal available commercially was modified so that both the form and the function of the original design were maintained. To measure the load components of interest, the pedal spindle was replaced with a spindle fixed to the pedal body and instrumented with eight strain gages connected into two Wheatstone bridge circuits. The new spindle is supported by bearings in the crank arm. Static calibration and a subsequent accuracy check revealed root mean square errors of less than 1 percent full scale (FS) when only the force components of interest were applied. Application of unmeasured load components created an error less than 2 percent FS. The natural frequency with half the weight of a 75 kgf person standing on the pedal was greater than 135 Hz. These performance capabilities make the dynamometer suitable for measuring either pedaling loads due to the rider\u2019s muscular action or inertial loads due to surface-induced acceleration. To demonstrate this suitability, sample pedal load data are presented both for steady-state ergometer cycling and coasting over a rough surface while standing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2834297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T20:48:52Z","timestamp":1203626932000},"page":"160-164","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Pedal Dynamometer for Off-Road Bicycling"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. L.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100417125089100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyd\n              T.\n            , HullM. L., and WootenD., 1996, \u201cAn Improved Accuracy Six Load Component Pedal Dynamometer for Cycling,\u201d Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 1105\u20131110.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00177-8"},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r2","unstructured":"Doebelin, E. O., 1990, Measurement Systems: Application and Design, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, San Francisco, Chap. 3, Section 3.3."},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull\n              M. L.\n            , and DavisR. R., 1981, \u201cMeasurement of Pedal Loading in Bicycling,\u201d J. Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 12, pp. 843\u2013872.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(81)90012-9"},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newmiller\n              J.\n            , HullM. L., and ZajacF. E., 1988, \u201cA Mechanically Decoupled Two Force Component Bicycle Pedal Dynamometer,\u201d J. Biomechanics, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 375\u2013386.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(88)90144-3"},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newmiller\n              J.\n            , and HullM. L., 1990, \u201cA Compact Portable Data Acquisition System for Sports Biomechanics Research,\u201d International Journal of Sports Biomechanics, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 404\u2013414.","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsb.6.4.404"},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soden\n              P. D.\n            , and AdeyefaB. A., 1979, \u201cForces Applied to a Bicycle During Normal Cycling,\u201d J. Biomechanics, Vol. 12, No. 7, pp. 527\u2013541.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(79)90041-1"},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r7","unstructured":"Stone, C., 1990, \u201cRider\/Bicycle Interaction Loads During Seated and Standing Treadmill Cycling,\u201d Master\u2019s Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Davis, CA."},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r8","unstructured":"Vinolas, J., and Alvarez, G., 1992, \u201cAnalisis del Comportamiento Ciclista a Traves de Bicicletas Dinamicas Sensorizades. Simulation Dinamica con Computador,\u201d Jornadas Internationales Sobre Biomecanica del Ciclismo, Documento No. 3."},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r9","unstructured":"Wang, E., 1995, \u201cQuantification and Optimization of Off-Road Bicycle Suspension Performance,\u201d Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA."},{"key":"2019100417125089100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilczynski\n              H.\n            , and HullM. L., 1994, \u201cA Dynamic System Model for Estimating Surface-Induced Frame Loads During Off-Road Cycling,\u201d J. Mechanical Design, Vol. 116, No. 3, pp. 816\u2013822.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2919455"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/160\/5666361\/160_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/120\/1\/160\/5666361\/160_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T21:13:01Z","timestamp":1570223581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/120\/1\/160\/398197\/A-Pedal-Dynamometer-for-OffRoad-Bicycling"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.2834297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]}}}