{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T23:05:37Z","timestamp":1750892737564},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Toward the general goal of preventing ankle injuries in snowboarding accidents, the objective of this project to develop a dynamic system model of a snowboarder and assess which model parameters, particularly those attributed to the boot, most strongly influenced ankle deflections during a forward fall. To satisfy this objective, a system model was created that included the rider, the boots, the snowboard, and the snow as components. Through dynamic simulations, peak ankle deflections were computed over realistic ranges of input parameter values for each of the model components. Defining sensitivity as the total change in peak ankle deflection over the range of a particular parameter studied, results indicated that the peak ankle deflection was most sensitive to the boot stiffness. Although lower, the sensitivity of the peak ankle deflection to the snow model parameters was still significant, being roughly half of the boot sensitivity. Increases in both snow stiffness and snow damping caused higher ankle deflections. Variations in both snowboard stiffness and anthropometric parameters had little effect. Due to the strong dependence of ankle deflection on boot stiffness, the potential exists for mitigating the ankle injury problem through judicious design of the boot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2835110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,21]],"date-time":"2008-02-21T20:37:32Z","timestamp":1203626252000},"page":"243-248","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of Ankle Deflection During a Forward Fall in Snowboarding"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Estes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. L.","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100609423956300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aitkens\n              M.\n            \n          , 1990, \u201cHave Snowboard, Will Soar,\u201d The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 18: 114\u2013121.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1990.11709956"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r2","unstructured":"Abu-Laban\n              R. B.\n            \n          , 1991, \u201cSnowboarding Injuries: An Analysis and Comparison With Alpine Skiing Injuries,\u201d Canadian Medical Association Journal, 145: 1097\u20131103."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bally, A., Boreiko, M., Bonjour, F., and Brown, C. A., 1989, \u201cModeling Forces on the Anterior Cruciate Knee Ligament During Backward Falls While Skiing,\u201d in: Skiing Trauma and Safety: Seventh International Symposium, ASTM STP 1022, M.-H. Binet, C. D. Mote, Jr., & R. Johnson, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 267\u2013275.","DOI":"10.1520\/STP19475S"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bladin\n              C.\n            , GiddingsP., and RobinsonM., 1993, \u201cAustralian Snowboard Injury Database Study, A Four Year Perspective,\u201d The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 21: 701\u2013704.","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100511"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r5","unstructured":"Chang, C., 1997, Pro\/MECHANICA Getting Started With Motion, Release 18, Parametric Technology Corporation."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen\n              J.\n            , SieglerS., and SchneckC. D., 1988, \u201cThe Three Dimensional Kinematics and Flexibility Characteristics of the Human Ankle and Subtalar Joint\u2014 Part II: Flexibility Characteristics,\u201d ASME JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 110: 374\u2013385.","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3108456"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Forwood\n              M.\n            , NealR., and WilsonB., 1985, \u201cScaling Segmental Moments of Inertia for Individual Subjects,\u201d Journal of Biomechanics, 18: 755\u2013761.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(85)90050-8"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganong\n              R. B.\n            , HeneveldE. H., BeranekS. R., and FryP., 1992, \u201cSnow-boarding Injuries, A Report of 415 Patients,\u201d The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 20: 114\u2013122.","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.1992.11947543"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gerritsen\n              K. G. M.\n            , NachbauerW., and van den BogertA. J., 1996, \u201cComputer Simulation of Landing Movement in Downhill Skiing: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries,\u201d Journal of Biomechanics, 29: 845\u2013854.","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(95)00167-0"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r10","unstructured":"Mellor, M., 1977, \u201cA Review of Basic Snow Mechanics,\u201d Snow Mechanics Symposium, International Association of Hydrological Series, Publication No. 114."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pino\n              E. C.\n            , and ColvilleM. R., 1989, \u201cSnowboard Injuries,\u201d The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 17: 778\u2013781.","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700610"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r12","unstructured":"Robinson\n              M.\n            \n          , 1991, \u201cHazards of Alpine Sport,\u201d Australian Family Physician, 20: 961\u2013970."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaff, P. S., and Hauser, W., 1993, \u201cInfluence of Ski Boot Construction on Knee Load\u2014A Biomechanical Investigation on Safety and Performance Aspects of Ski Boots,\u201d in: Skiing Trauma and Safety: Ninth International Symposium, ASTM STP 1182, Robert Johnson, C. D. Mote, Jr., and John Zelcer, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 75\u201388.","DOI":"10.1520\/STP25562S"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Webster, J. D., and Brown, C. A., 1996, \u201cComputer Simulation of the Loads on the ACL During Backward Falls Based on an Open Kinematic Chain Model While Skiing,\u201d in: Skiing Trauma and Skiing Safety: Tenth Volume, ASTM STP 1266, C. D. Mote, Jr., R. J. Johnson, W.-Hauser, and P. Schaff, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 254\u2013269.","DOI":"10.1520\/STP37935S"},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r15","unstructured":"White, D., 1995, \u201cUtah Holdouts Cracking, As Solitude Approves Early Week Boarding,\u201d Transworld Snowboarding, 8."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r16","unstructured":"Winter, D. A., 1990, Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement, Ch. 3, Anthropometry, Wiley, New York."},{"key":"2019100609423956300_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yee, A. G., and Mote, C. D., Jr., 1993, \u201cSkiing Forces and \u2018Moments at the Knee & Boot Top: Boot Stiffness Effects and Modeling,\u2019 in: Skiing Trauma & Safety: Ninth International Symposium, ASTM STP 1182, Robert J. Johnson, C. D. Mote, Jr., and John Zelcer, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, pp. 111\u2013127.","DOI":"10.1520\/STP25564S"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/121\/2\/243\/5492593\/243_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/121\/2\/243\/5492593\/243_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,6]],"date-time":"2019-10-06T13:43:02Z","timestamp":1570369382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/121\/2\/243\/453775\/Analysis-of-Ankle-Deflection-During-a-Forward-Fall"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.2835110","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]]}}}