{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:20:41Z","timestamp":1761675641307,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>There has been growing interest in the mechanobiological function of the aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) due to its role in valve tissue homeostasis and remodeling. In a recent study we determined the relation between diastolic loading of the aortic valve (AV) leaflet and the resulting AVIC deformation, which was found to be substantial. However, due to the rapid loading time of the AV leaflets during closure (\u223c0.05\u2002s), time-dependent effects may play a role in AVIC deformation during physiological function. In the present study, we explored AVIC viscoelastic behavior using the micropipette aspiration technique. We then modeled the resulting time-length data over the 100 s test period using a standard linear solid model, which included Boltzmann superposition. To quantify the degree of creep and stress relaxation during physiological time scales, simulations of micropipette aspiration were preformed with a valve loading time of 0.05 s and a full valve closure time of 0.3 s. The 0.05 s loading simulations suggest that, during valve closure, AVICs act elastically. During diastole, simulations revealed creep (4.65%) and stress relaxation (4.39%) over the 0.3 s physiological time scale. Simulations also indicated that if Boltzmann superposition was not used in parameter estimation, as in much of the micropipette literature, creep and stress relaxation predicted values were nearly doubled (7.92% and 7.35%, respectively). We conclude that while AVIC viscoelastic effects are negligible during valve closure, they likely contribute to the deformation time-history of AVIC deformation during diastole.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3049821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,9]],"date-time":"2009-03-09T22:55:10Z","timestamp":1236639310000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Viscoelastic Properties of the Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"W. David","family":"Merryman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineered Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Bieniek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineered Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farshid","family":"Guilak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineered Tissue Mechanics and Mechanobiology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2019100512260431900_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2801670","article-title":"In-Situ Deformation of the Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell Nucleus Under Diastolic Loading","volume":"129","author":"Huang","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0148-0731","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100512260431900_c2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1114\/1.1529194","article-title":"Surface Strains in the Anterior Leaflet of the Functioning Mitral Valve","volume":"30","author":"Sacks","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-6964","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100512260431900_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.2006.0324","article-title":"Differences in Tissue-Remodeling Potential of Aortic and Pulmonary Heart Valve Interstitial Cells","volume":"13","author":"Merryman","journal-title":"Tissue Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1076-3279","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100512260431900_c4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00521.2005","article-title":"Correlation Between Heart Valve Interstitial Cell Stiffness and Transvalvular Pressure: Implications for Collagen Biosynthesis","volume":"290","author":"Merryman","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0363-6135","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100512260431900_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.11.008","article-title":"The Effects of Cellular Contraction on Aortic Valve Leaflet Flexural Stiffness","volume":"39","author":"Merryman","journal-title":"J. Biomech.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9290","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100512260431900_c6","first-page":"798","article-title":"Specific Regional and Directional Contractile Responses of Aortic Cusp Tissue","volume":"13","author":"Kershaw","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0966-8519","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"23","key":"2019100512260431900_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912010-00009","article-title":"Viscoelastic Properties of Intervertebral Disc Cells: Identification of Two Biomechanically Distinct Cell Populations","volume":"24","author":"Guilak","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100512260431900_c8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(99)00175-X","article-title":"Micropipette Aspiration of Living Cells","volume":"33","author":"Hochmuth","journal-title":"J. Biomech.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9290","issn-type":"print"},{"volume-title":"Mechanical Response of Polymers 2000","author":"Wineman","first-page":"328","key":"2019100512260431900_c9"},{"volume-title":"Numerical Recipes in C","author":"Press","first-page":"735","key":"2019100512260431900_c10"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100512260431900_c11","first-page":"653","article-title":"High Speed Cine-Radiographic Study of Aortic Valve Leaflet Motion","volume":"2","author":"Thubrikar","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0966-8519","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100512260431900_c12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2007.03.006","article-title":"Synergistic Effects of Cyclic Tension and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 on the Aortic Valve Myofibroblast","volume":"16","author":"Merryman","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1054-8807","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"14","key":"2019100512260431900_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00051-6","article-title":"A Novel Bioreactor for the Dynamic Flexural Stimulation of Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Biomaterials","volume":"24","author":"Engelmayr","journal-title":"Biomaterials","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0142-9612","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"36","key":"2019100512260431900_c14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.07.045","article-title":"Cyclic Flexure and Laminar Flow Synergistically Accelerate Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Engineered Tissue Formation: Implications for Engineered Heart Valve Tissues","volume":"27","author":"Engelmayr","journal-title":"Biomaterials","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0142-9612","issn-type":"print"},{"unstructured":"Sacks, M. S., Merryman, W. D., and Schmidt, D. E., \u201cOn the Biomechanics of Heart Valve Function,\u201d J. Biomech.0021-9290 (to be published).","key":"2019100512260431900_c15"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100512260431900_c16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.108.173989","article-title":"Nuclear Shape, Mechanics, and Mechanotransduction","volume":"102","author":"Dahl","journal-title":"Circ. Res.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0009-7330","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100512260431900_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-0266(03)0150-5","article-title":"The Role of the Cytoskeleton in the Viscoelastic Properties of Human Articular Chondrocytes","volume":"22","author":"Trickey","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0736-0266","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100512260431900_c18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.12.003","article-title":"Viscoelastic Properties of Zonal Articular Chondrocytes Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy","volume":"14","author":"Darling","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/1063-4584","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100512260431900_c19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.12.008","article-title":"Mechanical Models for Living Cells\u2014A Review","volume":"39","author":"Lim","journal-title":"J. Biomech.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0021-9290","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2019100512260431900_c20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05824","article-title":"Universal Physical Responses to Stretch in the Living Cell","volume":"447","author":"Trepat","journal-title":"Nature (London)","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0028-0836","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100512260431900_c21","first-page":"250","article-title":"Receptor-Mediated Contraction of Aortic Valve Leaflets","volume":"9","author":"Chester","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0966-8519","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.3049821\/5769038\/041005_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.3049821\/5769038\/041005_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T16:26:14Z","timestamp":1570292774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.3049821\/459851\/Viscoelastic-Properties-of-the-Aortic-Valve"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.3049821","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0731"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-8951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,2]]},"article-number":"041005"}}