{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:22:18Z","timestamp":1789708938824,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The urinary catheter is a thin plastic tube that has been designed to empty the bladder artificially, effortlessly, and with minimum discomfort. The current CH14 male catheter design was examined with a view to optimizing the mass flow rate. The literature imposed constraints to the analysis of the urinary catheter to ensure that a compromise between optimal flow, patient comfort, and everyday practicality from manufacture to use was achieved in the new design. As a result a total of six design characteristics were examined. The input variables in question were the length and width of eyelets 1 and 2 (four variables), the distance between the eyelets, and the angle of rotation between the eyelets. Due to the high number of possible input combinations a structured approach to the analysis of data was necessary. A combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and design of experiments (DOE) has been used to evaluate the \u201coptimal configuration.\u201d The use of CFD couple with DOE is a novel concept, which harnesses the computational power of CFD in the most efficient manner for prediction of the mass flow rate in the catheter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3128692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,9]],"date-time":"2009-07-09T22:16:48Z","timestamp":1247177808000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Combination of CFD and DOE to Analyze and Improve the Mass Flow Rate in Urinary Catheters"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Frawley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Limerick, Casteltroy, Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Geron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of Limerick, Casteltroy, Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100323043052600_c1","article-title":"Selecting the Appropriate Method of Characterization","volume":"15","author":"Pomfra","journal-title":"JCN Journal"},{"issue":"14","key":"2019100323043052600_c2","first-page":"859","article-title":"Urinary Catheters for Intermittent Use","volume":"12","author":"Winn","journal-title":"Prof. Nurse","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0266-8130","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2019100323043052600_c3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(98)00517-2","article-title":"Role of Chronic Catheterisation in the Development of Bladder Cancer in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"53","author":"West","journal-title":"Urology","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-4295","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2019100323043052600_c4","unstructured":"Fluent, 2006, \u201cFLUENT 6.3 User\u2019s Guide,\u201d Fluent."},{"key":"2019100323043052600_c5","volume-title":"Implementing Six Sigma Smarter Solutions Using Statistical Methods","author":"Breyfogle"},{"key":"2019100323043052600_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177707047","article-title":"Multifactor Experimental Design for Exploring Response Surface","volume":"28","author":"Box","journal-title":"Ann. 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