{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:29:34Z","timestamp":1790166574255,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A finite-element numerical model was constructed of the spinal cord, pia mater, filum terminale, cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space (SSS), and dura mater. The cord was hollowed out by a thoracic syrinx of length 140 mm, and the SSS included a stenosis of length 30 mm opposite this syrinx. The stenosis severity was varied from 0% to 90% by area. Pressure pulse excitation was applied to the model either at the cranial end of the SSS, simulating the effect of cranial arterial pulsation, or externally to the abdominal dura mater, simulating the effect of cough. A very short pulse was used to examine wave propagation; a pulse emulating cardiac systole was used to examine the effects of fluid displacement. Additionally, repetitive sinusoidal excitation was applied cranially. Bulk fluid flow past the stenosis gave rise to prominent longitudinal pressure dissociation (\u201csuck\u201d) in the SSS adjacent to the syrinx. However, this did not proportionally increase the longitudinal motion of fluid in the syrinx. The inertia of the fluid in the SSS, together with the compliance of this space, gave a resonance capable of being excited constructively or destructively by cardiac or coughing impulses. The main effect of mild stenosis was to lower the frequency of this resonance; severe stenosis damped out to-and-fro motions after the end of the applied excitation. Syrinx fluid motion indicated the fluid momentum and thus the pressure developed when the fluid was stopped by the end of the syrinx; however, the tearing stress in the local cord material depended also on the instantaneous local SSS pressure and was therefore not well predicted by syrinx fluid motion. Stenosis was also shown to give rise to a one-way valve effect causing raised SSS pressure caudally and slight average cord displacement cranially. The investigation showed that previous qualitative predictions of the effects of suck neglected factors that reduced the extent of the resulting syrinx fluid motion and of the cord tearing stress, which ultimately determines whether the syrinx lengthens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4001165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T00:15:29Z","timestamp":1285892129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Evaluation by Fluid\/Structure-Interaction Spinal-Cord Simulation of\n                    the Effects of Subarachnoid-Space Stenosis on an Adjacent Syrinx"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"C. D.","family":"Bertram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New South Wales Biofluid Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, , Sydney 2052, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2022102416022087500_c1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(02)00326-0","article-title":"Post-Traumatic Syringomyelia: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Brodbelt","journal-title":"J. Clin. 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Soc.\n                        Med.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0141-0768","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"5","key":"2022102416022087500_c4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1080\/02688690701447420","article-title":"CSF Pathways: A\n                        Review","volume":"21","author":"Brodbelt","journal-title":"Br. J. Neurosurg.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0268-8697","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102416022087500_c5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(99)00142-3","article-title":"Origin of\n                        Subarachnoid Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulsations: A Phase-Contrast MR\n                        Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Henry-Feugeas","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0730-725X","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1975.43.5.0523","article-title":"Compartmental\n                        Analysis of Compliance and Outflow Resistance of the Cerebrospinal Fluid\n                        System","volume":"43","author":"Marmarou","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3085","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"6","key":"2022102416022087500_c7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2008.2011647","article-title":"MR Measurement of\n                        Cerebrospinal Fluid Velocity Wave Speed in the Spinal\n                    Canal","volume":"56","author":"Kalata","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. 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Fluids Struct.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0889-9746","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c11","first-page":"1205","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of the Human Spinal Cord and Pia\n                        Mater","author":"Mazuchowski"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.1.1.0122","article-title":"Mechanical\n                        Properties and Function of the Spinal Pia Mater","volume":"1","author":"Ozawa","journal-title":"J.\n                        Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022102416022087500_c13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-008-0332-0","article-title":"Tensile Radial Stress in the Spinal Cord Related to\n                        Arachnoiditis or Tethering: A Numerical Model","volume":"46","author":"Bertram","journal-title":"Med.\n                        Biol. Eng. 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Pathophysiology\n                        of the Tethered Spinal Cord in Cats","volume":"66","author":"Tani","journal-title":"J.\n                        Neurosurg.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0022-3085","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.4.0553","article-title":"Elucidating the Pathophysiology of\n                        Syringomyelia","volume":"91","author":"Heiss","journal-title":"J. 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Technique, Physiology, and\n                        Normal Results","volume":"58","author":"Williams","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir. (Wien)"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-5425(79)90010-4","article-title":"Errors in\n                        Velocity Measurement by the Pitot Principle in Fluids With Slowly Propagated\n                        Pressure Waves","volume":"1","author":"Jackson","journal-title":"J. Biomed. 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Biomech. Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0148-0731","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c26","volume-title":"Finite Element\n                        Procedures","author":"Bathe"},{"issue":"7","key":"2022102416022087500_c27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2073607","article-title":"The Origins of Syringomyelia: Numerical Models of\n                        Fluid\/Structure Interactions in the Spinal Cord","volume":"127","author":"Bertram","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0148-0731","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c28","unstructured":"Martin, B.\n                                A., Labuda,\n                                R.,\n                                Royston, T.\n                                J., Oshinski, J.\n                                N., Iskandar,\n                                B., and\n                                Loth,\n                            F., \u201cSpinal\n                    Canal Pressure Measurements in an In Vitro Spinal Stenosis Model: Implications\n                    on Syringomyelia Theories,\u201d ASME J. Biomech. Eng. (to be\n                    published)."},{"issue":"10","key":"2022102416022087500_c29","first-page":"1785","article-title":"CSF Flow\n                        Measurement in Syringomyelia","volume":"21","author":"Brugi\u00e8res","journal-title":"AJNR Am. 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Analg."},{"key":"2022102416022087500_c32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02770996","article-title":"The Mechanical Properties of the Human Cervical Spinal Cord\n                            In Vitro","volume":"24","author":"Bilston","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed.\n                        Eng.","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0090-6964","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"4","key":"2022102416022087500_c33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199402001-00010","article-title":"Origin of Lumbar\n                        Cerebrospinal Fluid Pulse Wave","volume":"19","author":"Urayama","journal-title":"Spine","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0362-2436","issn-type":"print"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/132\/6\/061009\/6933411\/061009_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/132\/6\/061009\/6933411\/061009_1.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T16:09:25Z","timestamp":1666627765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/132\/6\/061009\/456101\/Evaluation-by-Fluid-Structure-Interaction-Spinal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4001165","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,23]]},"article-number":"061009"}}