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In this approach, they train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to estimate the assembly times of vehicle subassemblies using either assembly connectivity or liaison graph properties, respectively, as input data. The effectiveness of estimation is evaluated based on the distribution of estimates provided by a population of ANNs trained on the same input data using varying initial conditions. Results indicate that this method can provide time estimates of an assembly process with \u00b115% error while relying exclusively on the geometric part information rather than process instructions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4025809","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,28]],"date-time":"2013-10-28T16:24:40Z","timestamp":1382977480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Manufacturing Assembly Time Estimation Using Structural Complexity Metric Trained Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921 e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Summers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921 e-mail:"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Mathieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921 e-mail:"}]},{"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Mocko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921 e-mail:"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601174259500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/npr.10078","article-title":"Implementing Lean Principles With the Six Sigma Advantage: How a Battery Company Realized Significant Improvements","volume":"22","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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