{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:49:25Z","timestamp":1753879765325,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Clashes occur when components in an assembly unintentionally violate others. If clashes are not identified and designed out before manufacture, product function will be reduced or substantial cost will be incurred in rework. This paper introduces a novel approach for eliminating clashes by identifying which parameters defining the part features in a computer aided design (CAD) assembly need to change and by how much. Sensitivities are calculated for each parameter defining the part and the assembly as the change in clash volume due to a change in each parameter value. These sensitivities give an indication of important parameters and are used to predict the optimum combination of changes in each parameter to eliminate the clash. Consideration is given to the fact that it is sometimes preferable to modify some components in an assembly rather than others and that some components in an assembly cannot be modified as the designer does not have control over their shape. Successful elimination of clashes has been demonstrated in a number of example assemblies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4027345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T04:30:55Z","timestamp":1396585855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Sensitivity Approach for Eliminating Clashes From Computer Aided Design Model Assemblies"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Shaheer Zubairi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecil G.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle S.","family":"Soban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen\u2019s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AH, UK e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]},"reference":[{"year":"2011","key":"2019100601095318800_B1","first-page":"4"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100601095318800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1177\/1063293X9900700403","article-title":"Concurrent Design and Manufacturing for Mechanical Systems","volume":"7","year":"1999","journal-title":"Concurrent Eng. Res. Appl. (CERA) J."},{"first-page":"670","volume-title":"Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly","year":"2011","key":"2019100601095318800_B3"},{"journal-title":"Algorithms and Computational Tools","article-title":"Assembly Oriented Design: Concepts","year":"1998","key":"2019100601095318800_B4"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B5","unstructured":"Glende, W. L., 1998, \u201cThe Boeing 777: A Look Back,\u201d AGARD FVP Symposium on Strategic Management of the Cost Problem of Future Weapon Systems."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100601095318800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"021007","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3130142","article-title":"Continuous Collision and Interference Detection for 3D Geometric Models","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inform. Sci. Eng."},{"year":"2003","key":"2019100601095318800_B7","article-title":"Department of Computer Science"},{"volume-title":"Principles and Design of Mechanical Face Seals","year":"1991","key":"2019100601095318800_B8"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601095318800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01607157","article-title":"The Datum Flow Chain: A Systematic Approach to Assembly Design and Modeling","volume":"10","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res. Eng. Des."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100601095318800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1145\/359046.359048","article-title":"Interference Detection Among Solids and Surfaces","volume":"22","year":"1979","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B11","first-page":"44","article-title":"Interference Detection and Collision Avoidance Among Three Dimensional Objects","volume-title":"AAAI","year":"1980"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100601095318800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1007\/s001700050107","article-title":"Rapid Prototyping Versus Virtual Prototyping in Product Design and Manufacturing","volume":"15","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B13","unstructured":"Miller, D. E., 1998, \u201cModeling and Simulation Technology A New Vector for Flight-Test,\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, AL."},{"year":"1995","key":"2019100601095318800_B14","first-page":"2"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B15","unstructured":"Foucault, G., Shahwan, A., and L\u00e9on, J. C., 2011, \u201cWhat is the Content of a DMU? Analysis and Proposal of Improvements,\u201d 12\u00e8me Colloque National AIP PRIMECA, Produits, Proc\u00e9d\u00e9s et Syst\u00e8mes Industriels: int\u00e9gration R\u00e9el-Virtuel, Le Mont Dore, France."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100601095318800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3069","DOI":"10.1080\/00207549508904862","article-title":"CAD-Detected Automatic Assembly Sequence Planning","volume":"33","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"2019100601095318800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(01)00186-5","article-title":"A PDES\/STEP-Based Model and System for Concurrent Integrated Design and Assembly Planning","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601095318800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3615(03)00015-0","article-title":"A Simplified and Efficient Representation for Evaluation and Selection of Assembly Sequences","volume":"50","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. Indus."},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B19","first-page":"297","article-title":"A Method for the Automatic Identification of Contacts in Assemblies of Cylindrical Parts","volume":"26","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100601095318800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1737772","article-title":"Reorganizing CAD Assembly Models (as-Designed) for Manufacturing Simulations and Planning (as-Built)","volume":"4","year":"2004","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inform. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaudron, V., Martin, P., and Godot, X., 2005, \u201cAssembly Sequences: Planning and Simulating Assembly Operations,\u201d Assembly and Task Planning: From Nano to Macro Assembly and Manufacturing, 6th IEEE International Symposium, IEEE, New York, pp. 156\u2013161.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISATP.2005.1511466"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2019100601095318800_B22","first-page":"58","article-title":"Computer Aided Geometric Feasible Assembly Sequence Planning and Optimizing","volume":"33","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100601095318800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1108\/01445151011029772","article-title":"A CAD System for Extraction of Mating Features in an Assembly","volume":"30","year":"2010","journal-title":"Assemb. Autom."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100601095318800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-012-0165-9","article-title":"Automatic Assembly Sequence Exploration Without Precedence Definition","volume":"7","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100601095318800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1142\/S021968671100220X","article-title":"Automatic Collision Detection for Assembly Sequence Planning Using a Three-Dimensional Solid Model","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adv. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B26","unstructured":"Wang, A., and Nagi, R., 2001, \u201cAssembly Modeling for Complex Assembly Variant Design,\u201d Tenth Industrial Engineering Research Conference, Dallas, TX."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100601095318800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(01)00128-2","article-title":"High-Level Feature Recognition Using Feature Relationship Graphs","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100601095318800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(98)00033-5","article-title":"Automatic Recognition of Interacting Machining Features Based on Minimal Condition Subgraph","volume":"30","year":"1998","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100601095318800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0736-5845(00)00014-4","article-title":"Assembly Features in Modeling and Planning","volume":"16","year":"2000","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf."},{"first-page":"640","volume-title":"Parametric and Feature-Based CAD\/CAM: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications","year":"1995","key":"2019100601095318800_B30"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mascle, C., 1995, \u201cFeatures Modeling in Assembly Sequence and Resource Planning,\u201d Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning, IEEE, New York, pp. 232\u2013237.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISATP.1995.518776"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mascle, C., Jabbour, T., and Maranzana, R., 1997, \u201cAssembly Features for Mechanical Product Data,\u201d ISATP 97, 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning, IEEE, New York, pp. 218\u2013223.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISATP.1997.615411"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mascle, C., 1999, \u201cFeature-Based Assembly Model and Multi-Agents System Structure for Computer-Aided Assembly,\u201d ISATP 99, Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Task Planning, New York, pp. 8\u201313.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISATP.1999.782927"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100601095318800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2003.09.011","article-title":"Design Formalism for Collaborative Assembly Design","volume":"36","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"2019100601095318800_B35","first-page":"373","article-title":"Feature-Based Assembly Model for Integration in Computer-Aided Assembly","volume":"18","year":"2002","journal-title":"Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100601095318800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-4485(01)00129-4","article-title":"Design With Part Behaviors: Behavior Model, Representation and Applications","volume":"34","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601095318800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01607157","article-title":"The Datum Flow Chain: A Systematic Approach to Assembly Design and Modeling","volume":"10","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res. Eng. Des."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019100601095318800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2013.04.002","article-title":"Relationship Matrix Based Automatic Assembly Sequence Generation From a CAD Model","volume":"45","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Design"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100601095318800_B39","first-page":"99","article-title":"Maintaining Design Intent for Aircraft Manufacture","volume":"6","year":"2013","journal-title":"CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol."},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100601095318800_B40"},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100601095318800_B41"},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100601095318800_B42"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601095318800_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3722\/cadaps.2012.253-268","article-title":"Optimizing Parameterized CAD Geometries Using Sensitivity Based on Adjoint Functions","volume":"9","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Des. Appl."},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100601095318800_B44"},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100601095318800_B45"},{"first-page":"481","volume-title":"Elements of Structural Optimisation","year":"1993","key":"2019100601095318800_B46"},{"volume-title":"T. N. E.","year":"2003","key":"2019100601095318800_B47"},{"first-page":"421","volume-title":"Applied Numerical Linear Algebra","year":"1997","key":"2019100601095318800_B48"},{"first-page":"309","volume-title":"Analytical Methods for Design Practice","year":"2007","key":"2019100601095318800_B49"},{"first-page":"680","volume-title":"Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments","year":"2009","key":"2019100601095318800_B50"},{"key":"2019100601095318800_B51","first-page":"2013"},{"first-page":"582","volume-title":"Computational Approaches for Aerospace Design","year":"2005","key":"2019100601095318800_B52"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100601095318800_B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-011-0248-4","article-title":"Determining the Parametric Effectiveness of a CAD Model","volume":"29","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100601095318800_B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-012-0770-z","article-title":"Strategies for Adding Features to CAD Models in Order to Optimise Performance","volume":"46","year":"2012","journal-title":"Struct. Multidisciplinary Optimization"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4027345\/6099706\/jcise_014_03_031002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4027345\/6099706\/jcise_014_03_031002.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T07:36:17Z","timestamp":1746171377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4027345\/371502\/A-Sensitivity-Approach-for-Eliminating-Clashes"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4027345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-9827"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1944-7078"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,28]]},"article-number":"031002"}}