{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T01:46:16Z","timestamp":1789350376257,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the lumbar spine region is the most common site of injury in golfers, little research has been done on intervertebral loads in relation to the anatomical\u2013morphological differences in the region. This study aimed to examine the biomechanical effects of anatomical\u2013morphological differences in the lumbar lordosis on the lumbar spinal joints during a golf swing. The golf swing motions of ten professional golfers were analyzed. Using a subject-specific 3D musculoskeletal system model, inverse dynamic analyses were performed to compare the intervertebral load, the load on the lumbar spine, and the load in each swing phase. In the intervertebral load, the value was the highest at the L5\u2013S1 and gradually decreased toward the T12. In each lumbar spine model, the load value was the greatest on the kypholordosis (KPL) followed by normal lordosis (NRL), hypolordosis (HPL), and excessive lordosis (EXL) before the impact phase. However, results after the follow-through (FT) phase were shown in reverse order. Finally, the load in each swing phase was greatest during the FT phase in all the lumbar spine models. The findings can be utilized in the training and rehabilitation of golfers to help reduce the risk of injury by considering individual anatomical\u2013morphological characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,27]],"date-time":"2014-08-27T19:31:21Z","timestamp":1409167881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Biomechanical Effect of Altered Lumbar Lordosis on Intervertebral Lumbar Joints During the Golf Swing: A Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Tae Soo","family":"Bae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jungwon University, 85, Munmu-ro, Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, Seoul 110-810, South Korea e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 110-810, South Korea e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwon Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 110-810, South Korea e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Won","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 110-810, South Korea e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"2019100602575316500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.07.004","article-title":"Trunk Muscle Onset and Cessation in Golfers With and Without Low Back Pain","volume":"41","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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