{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:52:39Z","timestamp":1753879959047,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The geometric fidelity of the inner organs on finite-element model (FEM) of the human body and the choice to use discontinuous mesh engender the appearance of empty spaces that do not reflect the real-life situation of human body cavities. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of these empty spaces on the behavior of a simplified FEM built with three different structures in interaction which properties are relevant with the abdominal cavity. This FEM is made up of a large sphere (peritoneum) containing two hemispheres (liver and spleen). The space between peritoneum and inner organs was defined with two different approaches and assessed under impact conditions. The first is a meshfree space (Mfs) approach, e.g., consider the space as a perfect gas. The second approach, meshed space (MS), entailed adding volumetric elements in the empty space. From each approach, one optimal configuration was identified regarding the recorded force versus compression, the mobility of inner organs, and the space incompressibility. This space has a considerable influence on the behavior of the FEM and mainly on the applied loadings of inner organs (difference reaching 70% according to the configuration). For the first approach, the incompressible gas is designated because it guarantees space incompressibility (vf\/vi\u2009=\u20091) and inner organs loading with the lowest delay (for high impact velocity: Peak force\u2009=\u200989\u2009N, compression 47%). For the second approach, the discontinuous volumetric mesh is preferred because it promotes space incompressibility (vf\/vi\u2009=\u20090.94) and acceptable force reaction (for high impact velocity: Peak force\u2009=\u200997\u2009N, compression 49%). The current study shows the importance of this space on the human FEMs cavities behavior and proposes two configurations able to be used in a future study including detailed FEM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,7]],"date-time":"2015-01-07T17:30:57Z","timestamp":1420651857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterizing the Importance of Free Space in the Numerical Human Body Models"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Chebil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France"},{"name":"IFSTTAR, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Jean","family":"Arnoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France"},{"name":"IFSTTAR, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Behr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France"},{"name":"IFSTTAR, Boulevard Pierre Dramard F-13015, Marseille 13916, France e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","reference":[{"key":"2019100602161932500_B1","unstructured":"Robin, S., 2001, \u201cHUMOS: Human Model for Safety \u2013 A Joint Effort Towards the Development of Refined Human-Like Car Occupant Models,\u201d 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety Vehicle, p. 297."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100602161932500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840310001606080","article-title":"A Human Model for Road Safety: From Geometrical Acquisition to Model Validation With Radioss","volume":"6","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comput. 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Surg."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100602161932500_B12","first-page":"E1427","article-title":"The Mechanical Properties of Human Adipose Tissues and Their Relationships to the Structure and Composition of the Extracellular Matrix","volume":"305","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2019100602161932500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viano, D. C., 1989, \u201cBiomechanical Responses and Injuries in Blunt Lateral Impact,\u201d 31st Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE, ed., Society of Automotive Engineers, NY, ETATS-UNIS, pp. 205\u201322410.4271\/892432.","DOI":"10.4271\/892432"}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029502\/6092189\/bio_137_03_034501.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029502\/6092189\/bio_137_03_034501.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T16:10:12Z","timestamp":1690819812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029502\/370159\/Characterizing-the-Importance-of-Free-Space-in-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4029502","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0148-0731"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1528-8951"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,1]]},"article-number":"034501"}}