{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:44:50Z","timestamp":1762004690491,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A process plan is an instruction set for the manufacture of parts generated from detailed design drawings or computer-aided design (CAD) models. While these plans are highly detailed about machines, tools, fixtures, and operation parameters, tolerances typically show up in less formal manner, if at all. It is not uncommon to see only dimensional plus\/minus values on rough sketches accompanying the instructions. On the other hand, design drawings use standard geometrical and dimensional tolerances (GD&amp;T) symbols with datums and datum reference frames (DRFs) clearly specified. This is not to say that process planners do not consider tolerances; they are implied by way of choices of fixtures, tools, machines, and operations. Process planners do tolerance charting in converting design tolerances to the manufacturing datum flow based on operation sequence, but the resulting plans cannot be audited for conformance to design specification. In this paper, we present a framework for explicating the GD&amp;T schema implied by machining process plans. The first step is to derive DRFs from the fixturing method in each setup. Then, basic dimensions for features machined in the setup are determined with respect to the extracted DRF. Using shop data for the machines and operations involved, the range of possible geometric variations are estimated for each type (form, size, orientation, and position). The sequence of operations determines the datum flow chain. Once we have a formal manufacturing GD&amp;T schema, we can analyze and compare it to design specification using the T-map math model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,12]],"date-time":"2015-01-12T15:07:05Z","timestamp":1421075225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Framework for Explicating Formal Geometrical and Dimensional Tolerances Schema From Manufacturing Process Plans for Three-Dimensional Conformance Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Payam","family":"Haghighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Design Automation Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design Automation Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}]},{"given":"Jami J.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design Automation Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}]},{"given":"Joseph K.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design Automation Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287"}]}],"member":"33","reference":[{"volume-title":"Dimensioning and Tolerancing, ASME Y14.5M-1994","year":"1994","author":"ASME","key":"2019100604320357700_B1"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100604320357700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1080\/16864360.2007.10738504","article-title":"Navigating the Tolerance Analysis Maze","volume":"4","year":"2007","journal-title":"Comput.-Aided Des. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100604320357700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1979509","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Tolerance Analysis Methods","volume":"5","year":"2005","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"volume-title":"Tool and Manufacturing Engineers Handbook","year":"1982","key":"2019100604320357700_B4"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100604320357700_B5","first-page":"153","article-title":"CATC\u2014A Computer Aided Tolerance Control System","volume":"3","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100604320357700_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-8506(07)62733-4","article-title":"Operational Dimensions and Tolerances Calculation in CAPP Systems for Precision Manufacturing","volume":"38","year":"1989","journal-title":"CIRP Ann.-Manuf. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100604320357700_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02601605","article-title":"A Graph-Theoretic Approach to Tolerance Charting","volume":"5","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"2019100604320357700_B8","unstructured":"Shen, Z., 2005, \u201cDevelopment of a Framework for a Set of Computer-Aided Tools for Tolerance Analysis,\u201d Ph.D. thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ."},{"issue":"14","key":"2019100604320357700_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540110056171","article-title":"Graph-Based Set-Up Planning and Tolerance Decomposition for Computer-Aided Fixture Design","volume":"39","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"2019100604320357700_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, J. J., and Yan, Y., 1996, \u201cRepresentation and Mapping of Geometric Dimensions From Design to Manufacturing,\u201d Proceedings of ASME DETC\/CIE Conferences, Irvine, CA, Aug. 18\u201322, Vol. 78.","DOI":"10.1115\/96-DETC\/DAC-1481"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100604320357700_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-003-2002-6","article-title":"Redimensioning Parts for Manufacturability: A Design Rewriting System","volume":"26","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"2019100604320357700_B12","first-page":"021001","article-title":"Manufacturing Signature for Tolerance Analysis","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"year":"2012","key":"2019100604320357700_B13","article-title":"Machining Plan Variability Analysis for iFAB"},{"article-title":"Library of T-Maps for Dimensional and Geometric Tolerances","volume-title":"ASME","year":"2014","key":"2019100604320357700_B14"},{"article-title":"Automatic Detection of Directions of Dimensional Control in Mechanical Parts","volume-title":"ASME","year":"2014","key":"2019100604320357700_B15"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100604320357700_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1572177","article-title":"Computer Modeling of Geometric Variations in Mechanical Parts and Assemblies","volume":"3","year":"2003","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100604320357700_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-008-0096-2","article-title":"Analysis Neutral Data Structure for GD&T","volume":"19","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029555\/6100609\/jcise_015_02_021003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029555\/6100609\/jcise_015_02_021003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,26]],"date-time":"2022-04-26T16:41:53Z","timestamp":1650991313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4029555\/370269\/A-Framework-for-Explicating-Formal-Geometrical-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4029555","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-9827"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1944-7078"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"article-number":"021003"}}