{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:52:31Z","timestamp":1753879951443,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper describes our work concerning the definition of a neutral, abstract ontology, and framework that supports the vision and diverse contexts of a smart community. This framework is composed of a general, core ontology that supports what many are calling the Internet of Things (IoT), a scalable number of extension ontologies to describe various application perspectives, and a mapping methodology to relate external data and\/or schemas to our ontology. Finally, we show why this ontology is scalable and generic enough to support a wide range of smart devices, systems, and people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T21:24:06Z","timestamp":1449696246000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An Ontology and Integration Framework for Smart Communities"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shishir","family":"Kinkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, NASA Ames Research Park, Bldg. 23 (MS 23-11), P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hennessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Freischuetzstr. 106, 2. OG, bei Wolkowa, Munich 81927, Germany e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mem. ASME Silicon Valley Campus, Carnegie Mellon University, NASA Ames Research Park, Bldg. 23 (MS 23-11), P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., De, S., Toenjes, R., Reetz, E., and Moessner, K., 2012, \u201cA Comprehensive Ontology for Knowledge Representation in the Internet of Things,\u201d IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), pp. 1793\u20131798.","DOI":"10.1109\/TrustCom.2012.20"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia, F., and Ma, J., 2011, \u201cBuilding Smart Communities With Cyber-Physical Systems,\u201d Proceedings of 1st International Symposium on From Digital Footprints to Social and Community Intelligence (SCI 2011), ACM, New York, pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1145\/2030066.2030068"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100511395711800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2014.08.032","article-title":"Ontology Matching: A Literature Review","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib4","unstructured":"Cullot, N., Ghawi, R., and Y\u00e9tongnon, K., 2007, \u201cDB2OWL: A Tool for Automatic Database-to-Ontology Mapping,\u201d Italian Symposium on Advanced Database Systems (SEBD), pp. 491\u2013494."},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib5","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez, B. J., Corcho, \u00d3., and G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., 2004, \u201cR2O, An Extensible and Semantically Based Database-to-Ontology Mapping Language,\u201d Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Semantic Web and Databases, SWDB, pp. 1069\u20131070."},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib6","first-page":"98","article-title":"IF-Map: An Ontology-Mapping Method Based on Information-Flow Theory","volume-title":"Journal on Data Semantics I","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maedche, A., Motik, B., Silva, N., and Volz, R., 2002, \u201cMAFRA\u2014A Mapping Framework for Distributed Ontologies,\u201d Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 235\u2013250.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45810-7_23"},{"first-page":"537","article-title":"OMEN: A Probabilistic Ontology Mapping Tool","year":"2005","key":"2019100511395711800_bib8"},{"first-page":"683","article-title":"QOM\u2014Quick Ontology Mapping","year":"2004","key":"2019100511395711800_bib9"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib10","article-title":"OWL 2 Web Ontology Language Document Overview"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100511395711800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2003.07.001","article-title":"From SHIQ and RDF to OWL: The Making of a Web Ontology Language","volume":"1","year":"2003","journal-title":"Web Semantics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100511395711800_bib12","first-page":"40","article-title":"Semantic (Web) Technology in Action: Ontology Driven Information Systems for Search, Integration and Analysis","volume":"26","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE Data Eng. Bull."},{"volume-title":"The Description Logic Handbook","year":"2002","key":"2019100511395711800_bib13"},{"year":"2014","key":"2019100511395711800_bib14","article-title":"RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax, W3C Recommendation"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bizer, C., Heath, T., Idehen, K., and Berners-Lee, T., 2008, \u201cLinked Data on the Web (LDOW2008),\u201d Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 1265\u20131266.","DOI":"10.1145\/1367497.1367760"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib16","first-page":"409","article-title":"Linked Open Data","volume-title":"A Developer's Guide to the Semantic Web","year":"2011"},{"article-title":"Information Technology\u2014Common Logic (CL): A Framework for a Family of Logic-Based Languages","year":"2007","author":"ISO\/IEC 24707","key":"2019100511395711800_bib17"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, I., Haam, D., Kim, H., and Kim, K. H., 2010, \u201cOntLMS: An Ontology-Based Lifelog Management System,\u201d 12th International Asia-Pacific Web Conference (APWEB), pp. 341\u2013343.","DOI":"10.1109\/APWeb.2010.55"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Gong, G., Hwang, I., and Lee, S., 2010, \u201cLifeLogOn: A Practical Lifelog System for Building and Exploiting Lifelog Ontology,\u201d IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (SUTC), pp. 367\u2013373.","DOI":"10.1109\/SUTC.2010.33"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Packer, H. S., Smith, A., and Lewis, P., 2012, \u201cMemoryBook: Generating Narratives From Lifelogs,\u201d Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Narrative and Hypertext, pp. 7\u201312.","DOI":"10.1145\/2310076.2310079"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S., Gihyun, G., and Lee, S., 2010, \u201cEntity-Event Lifelog Ontology Model (EELOM) for LifeLog Ontology Schema Definition,\u201d 12th International Asia-Pacific Web Conference (APWEB), pp. 344\u2013346.","DOI":"10.1109\/APWeb.2010.58"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib22"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib23","unstructured":"Lange, C., Bojars, U., Groza, T., Breslin, J. G., and Handschuh, S., 2008, \u201cExpressing Argumentative Discussions in Social Media Sites,\u201d Social Data on the Web (SDoW), Workshop at the 7th International Semantic Web Conference, pp. 31\u201342."},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib24","unstructured":"Crapo, A., Griffith, K., Khandelwal, A., Lizzi, J., Moitra, A., and Wang, X., 2010, \u201cOvercoming Challenges Using the CIM as a Semantic Model for Energy Applications,\u201d Grid-Interop Forum, GridWise Architecture Council, http:\/\/www.gridwiseac.org\/pdfs\/forum_papers10\/crapopaper_gi10.pdf"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib25","unstructured":"Compton, M., Henson, C., Neuhaus, H., Lefort, L., and Sheth, A., 2009, \u201cA Survey of the Semantic Specification of Sensors,\u201d 2nd International Workshop on Semantic Sensor Networks, 8th International Semantic Web Conference, CEUR, Aachen, Germany, Vol. 522, pp. 17\u201332."},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100511395711800_bib26","article-title":"A Sensor Ontology Literature Review"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib27","article-title":"An IoT-Ontology for the Representation of Interconnected, Clustered and Aligned Smart Entities"},{"year":"2010","key":"2019100511395711800_bib28"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib29","first-page":"166","article-title":"Sweetening Ontologies With DOLCE","volume-title":"Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management: Ontologies and the Semantic Web","year":"2002"},{"year":"2011","key":"2019100511395711800_bib30","article-title":"QUDT\u2014Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Data Types in OWL and XML"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib31","article-title":"LODE: An Ontology for Linking Open Descriptions of Events"},{"year":"2007","key":"2019100511395711800_bib32","article-title":"The Event Ontology"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib33","article-title":"Open Referral"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib34","article-title":"Core Smart Community Ontology"},{"year":"2013","key":"2019100511395711800_bib35","article-title":"SPARQL 1.1 Overview, W3C Recommendation"},{"year":"2011","key":"2019100511395711800_bib36","article-title":"SPIN-Overview and Motivation"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib37"},{"year":"2006","key":"2019100511395711800_bib38","article-title":"The Application\/JSON Media Type for Javascript Object Notation (JSON)"},{"key":"2019100511395711800_bib39","article-title":"SPINMap: SPARQL-Based Ontology Mapping With a Graphical Notation"},{"volume-title":"The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual","year":"2004","key":"2019100511395711800_bib40"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100511395711800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1145\/219717.219748","article-title":"WordNet: A Lexical Database for English","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100511395711800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1480024","article-title":"Interoperability Standards in the Semantic Web","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4032218\/6101028\/jcise_016_01_011003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4032218\/6101028\/jcise_016_01_011003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,5]],"date-time":"2019-10-05T15:40:08Z","timestamp":1570290008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4032218\/443769\/An-Ontology-and-Integration-Framework-for-Smart"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4032218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1530-9827"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1944-7078"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,13]]},"article-number":"011003"}}