{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:57:17Z","timestamp":1780469837803,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The sense of smell has a great importance in our daily life. Recently, smells have been used for marketing purposes for improving the people's mood and for communicating information about products as household cleaners and food. However, the scent design discipline can be used for creating a \u201cscent identity\u201d of these products not traditionally associated to a specific smell, in order to communicate their features to customers. In the area of virtual reality (VR), several researches concerned the integration of smells in virtual environments. The research questions addressed in this paper concern if virtual prototypes (VP), including smell simulation, can be used for evaluating products as effectively as studies performed in real environments, and also if smells can enhance the users' sense of presence in virtual environments. For this purpose, a VR experimental framework including a prototype of a wearable olfactory display (wOD) has been set up, and experimental tests have been carried out.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4033229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,4]],"date-time":"2016-04-04T22:30:45Z","timestamp":1459809045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluating Industrial Products in an Innovative Visual-Olfactory Environment"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Bordegoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Carulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Human Olfactory Displays and Interfaces: Odor Sensing and Presentation","year":"2013","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-2521-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100603130733700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-459x.2004.102803.x","article-title":"Common and Specific Effects of Fine Fragrances on the Mood of Women","volume":"19","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Sens. Stud."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100603130733700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodqual.2010.03.012","article-title":"How Do You Feel When You Smell This? Optimization of a Verbal Measurement of Odor-Elicited Emotions","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Qual. Preference"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02572-1","article-title":"Influence of Affective and Cognitive Judgments on Autonomic Parameters During Inhalation of Pleasant and Unpleasant Odors in Humans","volume":"319","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100603130733700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/48.1.M26","article-title":"Age, Gender, Medical Treatment, and Medication Effects on Smell Identification","volume":"48","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib6","first-page":"287","article-title":"Geographic, Cross-Cultural, and Individual Variation in Human Olfaction","volume-title":"Smell and Taste in Health and Disease","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100603130733700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/23.1.31","article-title":"Differences in Perception of Everyday Odors: A Japanese\u2013German Cross-cultural Study","volume":"23","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199603000-00021","article-title":"Development of the 12-Item Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test (CC-SIT)","volume":"106","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100603130733700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1086\/209447","article-title":"There's Something in the Air: Effects of Congruent or Incongruent Ambient Odor on Consumer Decision Making","volume":"22","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Consum. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1509\/jmkg.70.3.32","article-title":"Scents and Sensibility: When Do (In)Congruent Ambient Scents Influence Product Evaluations?","volume":"70","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Market."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1115\/1.1526508","article-title":"Definition and Review of Virtual Prototyping","volume":"2","year":"2002","journal-title":"ASME J. Comput. Inf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","volume-title":"Innovation in Product Design","year":"2011","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-775-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100603130733700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2006.02.007","article-title":"Haptic and Sound Interface for Shape Rendering","volume":"19","year":"2010","journal-title":"Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3","article-title":"Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire","volume":"7","year":"1998","journal-title":"Presence"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanagida, Y., Noma, H., Tetsutani, N., and Tomono, A., 2003, \u201cAn Unencumbering, Localized Olfactory Display,\u201d CHI Extended Abstracts Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2003, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, pp. 988\u2013989.10.1145\/765891.766109","DOI":"10.1145\/765891.766109"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-22021-0_29","article-title":"Meta Cookie+: An Illusion-Based Gustatory Display","volume":"6773","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virtual Mixed Reality"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcps.2011.08.003","article-title":"An Integrative Review of Sensory Marketing: Engaging the Senses to Affect Perception, Judgment and Behavior","volume":"22","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Consum. Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100603130733700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194952","article-title":"Proust Nose Best: Odors are Better Cues of Autobiographical Memory","volume":"30","year":"2002","journal-title":"Memory Cognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjh025","article-title":"A Naturalistic Analysis of Autobiographical Memories Triggered by Olfactory Visual and Auditory Stimuli","volume":"29","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chem. Senses"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100603130733700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2302(199909)35:2<103::AID-DEV3>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Ambient Odors Associated to Failure Influence Cognitive Performance in Children","volume":"35","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100603130733700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015369","article-title":"Sequential Unfolding of Novelty and Pleasantness Appraisals of Odors: Evidence From Facial Electromyography and Autonomic Reactions","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100603130733700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2009.00299.x","article-title":"Effect of Aromatherapy on Patients With Alzheimer's Disease","volume":"9","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib23","unstructured":"Rizzo, A., and Pair, J., 2006, \u201cA Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Military Personnel With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,\u201d Proceedings of the Nato Advanced Research Workshop on Novel Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, IOS Press, Alexandria, VA, pp. 235\u2013250.http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.468.2415&rep=rep1&type=pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100603130733700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(95)00015-1","article-title":"The Effect of Environmental Odors Emanating From Commercial Swine Operations on the Mood of Nearby Residents","volume":"37","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100603130733700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2307\/1251931","article-title":"Improving the Store Environment: Do Olfactory Cues Affect Evaluations and Behaviors?","volume":"60","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Market."},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gatti, E., Caruso, G., Bordegoni, M., and Spence, C., 2013, \u201cCan the Feel of the Haptic Interaction Modify a User's Emotional State?,\u201d World Haptics Conference, Daejeon, South Korea, Apr. 14\u201314, pp. 247\u2013252.10.1109\/WHC.2013.6548416","DOI":"10.1109\/WHC.2013.6548416"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, D. K., Nishimoto, K., Kunifuji, S., Cho, Y. H., Kawakami, Y., and Ando, H., 2009, \u201cDevelopment of Aroma-Card Based Soundless Olfactory Display, Electronics, Circuits, and Systems,\u201d 16th International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS), Yasmine Hammamet, Tunisia, Dec. 13\u201316, pp. 703\u2013706.10.1109\/ICECS.2009.5410784","DOI":"10.1109\/ICECS.2009.5410784"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamada, T., Yokoyama, S., Tanikawa, T., Hirota, K., and Hirose, M., 2006, \u201cWearable Olfactory Display: Using Odor in Outdoor Environment,\u201d IEEEVirtual Reality Conference, Mar. 25\u201329, pp. 199\u2013206.10.1109\/VR.2006.147","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2006.147"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viswadhara Meenakshi, V., and Sowmya, K., 2003, \u201cESTER: Experiencing Smell Through Electronic Reality,\u201d IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), June 17\u201319, pp. 364\u2013365.10.1109\/ICCE.2003.1218976","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE.2003.1218976"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39420-1_39","article-title":"Presentation of Odor in Multi-Sensory Theater","volume-title":"Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality, Systems and Applications","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib31","article-title":"Virtual Olfactory Interfaces: Electronic Noses and Olfactory Displays","volume-title":"Communications Through Virtual Technology: Identity Community and Technology in the Internet Age","year":"2001"},{"key":"2019100603130733700_bib32","article-title":"Questionnaire Construction Manual, Annex Literature Survey and Bibliography","year":"1976","journal-title":"Operations Research Associates"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033229\/6101128\/jcise_016_03_030904.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033229\/6101128\/jcise_016_03_030904.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T03:52:45Z","timestamp":1748836365000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033229\/371519\/Evaluating-Industrial-Products-in-an-Innovative"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4033229","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]]},"article-number":"030904"}}