{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T07:27:37Z","timestamp":1776497257305,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The improvement and the massive diffusion of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques have fostered the research of design methods to exploit at best the feature introduced by these solutions. The whole design paradigm needs to be changed taking into account new manufacturing capabilities. AM is not only an innovative method of fabrication, but it requires a new way to design products. Traditional practices of mechanical design are changing to exploit all potential of AM, new parameters and geometries could be realized avoiding technologies constrains of molding or machine tooling. The concept of \u201cmanufacturing for design\u201d increasingly acquires greater importance and this means we have the chance to focus almost entirely on product functionality. The possibility to confer inhomogeneous properties to objects provides an important design key. We will study behavior and structure according to desired functions for each object identifying three main aspects to vary: infill type, external topology and shape, and material composition. In this research work, we focus on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology of three dimensional (3D) printing that easily allows to explore all previous conditions. We present a new way to conceive design process in order to confer variable properties to AM objects and some guidelines to control properties of deformation and elasticity using classic infills. The ultimate aim is to apply new design rules provided by AM in the prosthetic field of lower limb amputees. The socket of the prosthesis represents a deformable interface between the residual limb and the artificial leg that must be optimized according to geometry and loads distribution of patient. An application for a transfemoral patient will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4033994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T15:38:14Z","timestamp":1467387494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Additive Manufacturing to Advance Functional Design: An Application in the Medical Field"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Comotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG) 24044, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Regazzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG) 24044, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG) 24044, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine (BG) 24044, Italy e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aherwar, A., Singh, A., and Patnaik, A., 2013, \u201cA Review Paper on Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling Techniques for Fabrication of Prosthetic Socket,\u201d High Value Manufacturing: Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 345\u2013353.10.1201\/b15961-64","DOI":"10.1201\/b15961-64"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100318031808500_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15623599.2015.1012136","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Printing in the Construction Industry: A Review","volume":"15","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Constr. Manage."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100318031808500_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1108\/13552541211218126","article-title":"Patient\u2010Specific Reconstruction With 3D Modeling and DMLS Additive Manufacturing","volume":"18","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyping J."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2015.04.001","article-title":"The Status, Challenges, and Future of Additive Manufacturing in Engineering","volume":"69","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Des."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100318031808500_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.11.JNS131066","article-title":"Utility of Multimaterial 3D Printers in Creating Models With Pathological Entities to Enhance the Training Experience of Neurosurgeons","volume":"120","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100318031808500_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2003.10.010","article-title":"The Situated Function\u2013Behavior\u2013Structure Framework","volume":"25","year":"2004","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100318031808500_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-015-7704-z","article-title":"Interior Structural Optimization Based on the Density-Variable Shape Modeling of 3D Printed Objects","volume":"83","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2542355.2542361","article-title":"Cross-Sectional Structural Analysis for 3D Printing Optimization","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Technical Briefs","year":"2013"},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib9","first-page":"149","article-title":"Medial Axis Tree\u2014An Internal Supporting Structure for 3D Printing","volume":"35\u201336","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Geom. Des."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giesen, J., Miklos, B., Pauly, M., and Wormser, C., 2009, \u201cThe Scale Axis Transform,\u201d Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry SCG\u201909, New York, pp. 106\u2013115.","DOI":"10.1145\/1542362.1542388"},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cad.2014.07.009","article-title":"Automatic Balancing of 3D Models","volume":"58","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Des."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100318031808500_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2601097.2601168","article-title":"Build-to-Last: Strength to Weight 3D Printed Objects","volume":"33","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graphics (TOG)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100318031808500_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766937","article-title":"Elastic Textures for Additive Fabrication","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graphics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100318031808500_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2766926","article-title":"Microstructures to Control Elasticity in 3D Printing","volume":"34","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Graphics"},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib15","article-title":"3D Printing Infill Using Biomimetics","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib16","unstructured":"Merriam, E. G., Jones, J. E., and Howell, L. L., 2014, \u201cDesign of 3D-Printed Titanium Compliant Mechanisms,\u201d 42nd Aerospace Mechanism Symposium, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, NASA\/CP\u20132014-217519, E. A. Boesiger, and C. Hakun, Eds., pp. 169\u2013174."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib17","article-title":"Low-Cost Anthropomorphic Robot Hand With Elastic Joints\u2014Early Results","year":"2015"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100318031808500_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-011-3301-y","article-title":"Design and Fabrication of Miniature Compliant Hinges for Multi-Material Compliant Mechanisms","volume":"57","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2019100318031808500_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500716","article-title":"Directing the Deformation Paths of Soft Metamaterials With Prescribed Asymmetric Units","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"39","key":"2019100318031808500_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5931","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201502809","article-title":"Snapping Mechanical Metamaterials Under Tension","volume":"27","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03783","article-title":"Responsive Materials: A Novel Design for Enhanced Machine-Augmented Composites","volume":"4","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"16","key":"2019100318031808500_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5978","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115674109","article-title":"Buckling-Induced Encapsulation of Structured Elastic Shells Under Pressure","volume":"109","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100318031808500_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2013.797230","article-title":"A Full Virtual Approach to Design and Test Lower Limb Prosthesis","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virtual Phys. Prototyping"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100318031808500_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3722\/cadaps.2011.617-631","article-title":"Physically Based Modeling and Simulation to Innovate Socket Design","volume":"8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput. Aided Des. Appl."},{"key":"2019100318031808500_bib25","article-title":"Stampini 3D per Uso Professionale e Semiprofessionale","author":"MECCATRONICORE","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033994\/6102330\/jcise_017_03_031006.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033994\/6102330\/jcise_017_03_031006.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T18:03:26Z","timestamp":1570125806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/computingengineering\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4033994\/370999\/Additive-Manufacturing-to-Advance-Functional"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4033994","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-9827","1944-7078"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-9827","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-7078","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"article-number":"031006"}}