{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T03:30:45Z","timestamp":1794281445066,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-AR06919"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AR06919"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#22-FY17-890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#22-FY17-890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cervix is a unique organ able to dramatically change its shape and function by serving as a physical barrier for the growing fetus and then undergoing dramatic dilation allowing for delivery of a term infant. As a result, the cervix endures changing mechanical forces from the growing fetus. There is an emerging concept that the cervix may change or remodel \u201cearly\u201d in many cases of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). However, the mechanical role of the cervix in both normal and preterm birth remains unclear. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine the mechanical and structural responses of murine cervical tissue throughout a normal gestational time course. In this study, both tissue structural and material properties were determined via a quasi-static tensile load-to-failure test, while simultaneously obtaining dynamic collagen fiber re-alignment via cross-polarization imaging. This study demonstrated that the majority of the mechanical properties evaluated decreased at midgestation and not just at term, while collagen fiber re-alignment occurred earlier in the loading curve for cervices at term. This suggests that although structural changes in the cervix occur throughout gestation, the differences in material properties function in combination with collagen fiber re-alignment as mechanical precursors to regulate term gestation. This work lays a foundation for investigating cervical biomechanics and the role of the cervix in preterm birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4036473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,18]],"date-time":"2017-04-18T15:10:52Z","timestamp":1492528252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Tensile Mechanical Properties and Dynamic Collagen Fiber Re-Alignment of the Murine Cervix Are Dramatically Altered Throughout Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Carrie E.","family":"Barnum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Fey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie N.","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Barila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy G.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianne K.","family":"Connizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;"},{"name":"Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Snehal S.","family":"Shetye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal A.","family":"Elovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis J.","family":"Soslowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McKay Orthopedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019100315253421100_bib1","author":"National Center for Health Statistics,"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771100107X","article-title":"Cognitive Outcomes for Extremely Preterm\/Extremely Low Birth Weight Children in Kindergarten","volume":"17","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.2.233","article-title":"The Preterm Prediction Study: The Value of New versus Standard Risk Factors in Predicting Early and all Spontaneous Preterm Births. NICHD MFMU Network","volume":"88","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315253421100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(95)91360-2","article-title":"The Preterm Prediction Study: Significance of Vaginal Infections","volume":"173","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70225-9","article-title":"The Preterm Prediction Study: A Clinical Risk Assessment System","volume":"174","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"9606","key":"2019100315253421100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","article-title":"Epidemiology and Causes of Preterm Birth","volume":"371","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719113488838","article-title":"Diversity of the Vaginal Microbiome Correlates With Preterm Birth","volume":"21","year":"2014","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.03.052","article-title":"Women With Preterm Birth Have a Distinct Cervicovaginal Metabolome","volume":"212","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.036","article-title":"A Systematic Evaluation of Collagen Cross-Links in the Human Cervix","volume":"212","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100315253421100_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.065","article-title":"The Mechanical Role of the Cervix in Pregnancy","volume":"48","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0174-173X(88)80022-0","article-title":"Collagen Organisation in the Cervix and Its Relation to Mechanical Function","volume":"8","year":"1988","journal-title":"Collagen Relat. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/016173461203400101","article-title":"Three-Dimensional, Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Method for Estimating Large Strain Mechanical Properties of the Cervix During Pregnancy","volume":"34","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrason. Imag."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100315253421100_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133377","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133377","article-title":"In Vivo Evaluation of Cervical Stiffness Evolution During Induced Ripening Using Shear Wave Elastography, Histology and 2 Photon Excitation Microscopy: Insight From an Animal Model","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.06.021","article-title":"The Transcriptome of the Uterine Cervix Before and After Spontaneous Term Parturition","volume":"195","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.07.008","article-title":"Signature Pathways Identified From Gene Expression Profiles in the Human Uterine Cervix Before and After Spontaneous Term Parturition","volume":"197","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100315253421100_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903353216","article-title":"The Transcriptome of Cervical Ripening in Human Pregnancy Before the Onset of Labor at Term: Identification of Novel Molecular Functions Involved in This Process","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.043","article-title":"Distinct Cervical MicroRNA Profiles are Present in Women Destined to Have a Preterm Birth","volume":"210","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-015-0099-8","article-title":"Gestational Tissue Transcriptomics in Term and Preterm Human Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2019100315253421100_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2004.10.009","article-title":"Animal Models of Preterm Birth","volume":"15","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315253421100_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.06.002","article-title":"Relationships Between Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Constituents of the Cervical Stroma During Pregnancy","volume":"33","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-1105","article-title":"The Molecular Mechanisms of Cervical Ripening Differ Between Term and Preterm Birth","volume":"152","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-07-0032","article-title":"Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy and Parturition: Molecular Characterization of the Softening Phase in Mice","volume":"134","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315253421100_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0466","article-title":"Cervical Remodeling in Term and Preterm Birth: Insights From an Animal Model","volume":"143","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.011","article-title":"Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy and Parturition","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100315253421100_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602293340904","article-title":"The Length of the Cervix and the Risk of Spontaneous Premature Delivery","volume":"334","year":"1996","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315253421100_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa067815","article-title":"Progesterone and the Risk of Preterm Birth Among Women With a Short Cervix","volume":"357","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000292546","article-title":"Apoptosis in the Cervix of Pregnant Rats in Association With Cervical Softening","volume":"37","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22869","article-title":"Tendon Basic Science: Development, Repair, Regeneration, and Healing","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315253421100_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22818","article-title":"Tendon Functional Extracellular Matrix","volume":"33","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"12 Pt. 2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31S","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.08.021","article-title":"Importance of Advanced Glycation End Products in Diabetes-Associated Cardiovascular and Renal Disease","volume":"17","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens"},{"issue":"20","key":"2019100315253421100_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198805193182007","article-title":"Advanced Glycosylation End Products in Tissue and the Biochemical Basis of Diabetic Complications","volume":"318","year":"1988","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100315253421100_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112391","article-title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Collagen Crosslinks and Corresponding Tensile Mechanical Properties in Mouse Cervical Tissue During Normal Pregnancy","volume":"9","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315253421100_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-209-43908","article-title":"Collagen Changes in Rat Cervix in Pregnancy\u2014Polarized Light Microscopic and Electron Microscopic Studies","volume":"209","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"32","key":"2019100315253421100_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121495109","article-title":"A Compact Fiber-Optic SHG Scanning Endomicroscope and Its Application to Visualize Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy","volume":"109","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315253421100_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.089599","article-title":"Cervical Softening During Pregnancy: Regulated Changes in Collagen Cross-Linking and Composition of Matricellular Proteins in the Mouse","volume":"84","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021003","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3197847","article-title":"A Study of the Anisotropy and Tension\/Compression Behavior of Human Cervical Tissue","volume":"132","year":"2010","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1304","article-title":"Prostaglandins are Essential for Cervical Ripening in LPS-Mediated Preterm Birth But Not Term or Antiprogestin-Driven Preterm Ripening","volume":"155","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1959.sp006304","article-title":"Changes in the Physical Properties of the Uterine Cervix of the Rat During Pregnancy","volume":"148","year":"1959","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"2019100315253421100_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.03.005","article-title":"Material Properties of Mouse Cervical Tissue in Normal Gestation","volume":"36","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2019100315253421100_bib40","article-title":"Scarless Healing in the Fetus: Implications and Strategies for Postnatal Tendon Repair","volume-title":"Ph.D. Dissertation","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2012.11.005","article-title":"Decorin Expression is Important for Age-Related Changes in Tendon Structure and Mechanical Properties","volume":"32","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031007","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4006340","article-title":"Effect of Preconditioning and Stress Relaxation on Local Collagen Fiber Re-Alignment: Inhomogeneous Properties of Rat Supraspinatus Tendon","volume":"134","year":"2012","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100315253421100_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.10.054","article-title":"Biomechanical and Structural Response of Healing Achilles Tendon to Fatigue Loading Following Acute Injury","volume":"47","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315253421100_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10558-005-9072-z","article-title":"A Dual Mechanism of Biomechanical Change in Rat Cervix in Gestation and Postpartum: Applied Vascular Mechanics","volume":"5","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0896","article-title":"Utilization of Different Aquaporin Water Channels in the Mouse Cervix During Pregnancy and Parturition and in Models of Preterm and Delayed Cervical Ripening","volume":"147","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100315253421100_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1507","article-title":"Ex Vivo Assessment of Mouse Cervical Remodeling Through Pregnancy Via 23Na MRS","volume":"23","year":"2010","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315253421100_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2008.01.010","article-title":"Hyaluronan and Its Binding Proteins During Cervical Ripening and Parturition: Dynamic Changes in Size, Distribution and Temporal Sequence","volume":"27","year":"2008","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315253421100_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0851","article-title":"Dynamic Changes in the Cervical Epithelial Tight Junction Complex and Differentiation Occur During Cervical Ripening and Parturition","volume":"148","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2019100315253421100_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-1031-7","article-title":"Diabetes Alters Mechanical Properties and Collagen Fiber Re-Alignment in Multiple Mouse Tendons","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021019","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4023234","article-title":"Effect of Age and Proteoglycan Deficiency on Collagen Fiber Re-Alignment and Mechanical Properties in Mouse Supraspinatus Tendon","volume":"135","year":"2013","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2019100315253421100_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.025","article-title":"Assessment of the In Vivo Biomechanical Properties of the Human Uterine Cervix in Pregnancy Using the Aspiration Test: A Feasibility Study","volume":"144","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315253421100_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.12344","article-title":"Evaluation of Cervical Stiffness During Pregnancy Using Semiquantitative Ultrasound Elastography","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315253421100_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10396-007-0150-2","article-title":"Tissue Elastography Imaging of the Uterine Cervix During Pregnancy","volume":"34","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Ultrason."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4036473\/6388976\/bio_139_06_061008.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4036473\/6388976\/bio_139_06_061008.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T19:25:43Z","timestamp":1570130743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4036473\/371271\/Tensile-Mechanical-Properties-and-Dynamic-Collagen"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4036473","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,27]]},"article-number":"061008"}}