{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:44:00Z","timestamp":1792676640719,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM103629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM103629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006952","name":"Louisiana Board of Regents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Support Fund Fellow"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Support Fund Fellow"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006952","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007875","name":"Tulane University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Newcomb College Ins"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Newcomb College Ins"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007875","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Progress toward understanding the underlying mechanisms of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is limited, in part, due to a lack of information on the biomechanical properties and microstructural composition of the vaginal wall. Compromised vaginal wall integrity is thought to contribute to pelvic floor disorders; however, normal structure\u2013function relationships within the vaginal wall are not fully understood. In addition to the information produced from uniaxial testing, biaxial extension\u2013inflation tests performed over a range of physiological values could provide additional insights into vaginal wall mechanical behavior (i.e., axial coupling and anisotropy), while preserving in vivo tissue geometry. Thus, we present experimental methods of assessing murine vaginal wall biaxial mechanical properties using extension\u2013inflation protocols. Geometrically intact vaginal samples taken from 16 female C57BL\/6 mice underwent pressure\u2013diameter and force\u2013length preconditioning and testing within a pressure-myograph device. A bilinear curve fit was applied to the local stress\u2013stretch data to quantify the transition stress and stretch as well as the toe- and linear-region moduli. The murine vaginal wall demonstrated a nonlinear response resembling that of other soft tissues, and evaluation of bilinear curve fits suggests that the vagina exhibits pseudoelasticity, axial coupling, and anisotropy. The protocols developed herein permit quantification of biaxial tissue properties. These methods can be utilized in future studies in order to assess evolving structure\u2013function relationships with respect to aging, the onset of prolapse, and response to potential clinical interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4037559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T18:31:34Z","timestamp":1502217094000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Biaxial Mechanical Assessment of the Murine Vaginal Wall Using Extension\u2013Inflation Testing"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Robison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mem. ASME Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra K.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurephile","family":"Desrosiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leise R.","family":"Knoepp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery, Ochsner Clinical School, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, LA 70121 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin S.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mem. ASME Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118 e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9566","key":"2019100315204994300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60462-0","article-title":"Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"369","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2015.06.008","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Elderly Women","volume":"31","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.123819","article-title":"Pelvic Organ Prolapse in the Women's Health Initiative: Gravity and Gravidity","volume":"186","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00058-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of Surgically Managed Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Urinary Incontinence","volume":"89","year":"1997","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200110000-00021","article-title":"Cost of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery in the United States","volume":"98","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.028","article-title":"The Hidden Epidemic of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Achievable Goals for Improved Prevention and Treatment","volume":"192","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019100315204994300_bib7","first-page":"765","article-title":"Histology of the Connection Between the Vagina and Levator Ani Muscles. Implications for Urinary Tract Function","volume":"35","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021001","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032424","article-title":"A Geometric Capacity-Demand Analysis of Maternal Levator Muscle Stretch Required for Vaginal Delivery","volume":"138","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"2 Pt. 1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250901.57095.ba","article-title":"Comparison of Levator Ani Muscle Defects and Function in Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"109","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200208000-00005","article-title":"Laparoscopic Surgery for Pelvic Support Defects","volume":"14","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6 Pt. 1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91562-O","article-title":"Anatomic Aspects of Vaginal Eversion After Hysterectomy","volume":"166","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-014-0621-5","article-title":"Biaxial Mechanical Properties of Swine Uterosacral and Cardinal Ligaments","volume":"14","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200019","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of Prolapsed Vaginal Tissue in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women","volume":"13","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(03)00333-6","article-title":"A Biomechanical Study of the Strength of Vaginal Tissues. Results on 16 Post-Menopausal Patients Presenting With Genital Prolapse","volume":"112","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0214-7","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of Prolapsed Vaginal Tissue in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women","volume":"18","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.02.022","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of the Vaginal Wall: Effect of Pregnancy, Elastic Fiber Deficiency, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"198","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000250472.96672.6c","article-title":"Biomechanical Adaptations of the Rat Vagina and Supportive Tissues in Pregnancy to Accommodate Delivery","volume":"109","year":"2007","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-009-0157-2","article-title":"Experimental Study and Constitutive Modeling of the Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of the Human Prolapsed Vaginal Tissue","volume":"9","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2010.10.006","article-title":"Mechanical Characterization of the Softening Behavior of Human Vaginal Tissue","volume":"4","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000315160","article-title":"Vaginal Tissue Properties Versus Increased Intra-Abdominal Pressure: A Preliminary Biomechanical Study","volume":"71","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gynecol. Obstet. Invest."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840903208197","article-title":"Prediction of Nonlinear Elastic Behaviour of Vaginal Tissue: Experimental Results and Model Formulation","volume":"13","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.02.022","article-title":"Tissue Mechanics, Animal Models, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Review","volume":"144","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Timmons, B. C., Fairhurst, A. M., and Mahendroo, M. S., 2009, \u201cTemporal Changes in Myeloid Cells in the Cervix During Pregnancy and Parturition,\u201d J. Immunol., 182(5), pp. 2700\u20132707.10.4049\/jimmunol.0803138","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803138"},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719108325757","article-title":"Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Modulates Remodeling, Immune Cell Census, and Nerve Fibers in the Cervix of a Mouse Model for Inflammation-Induced Preterm Birth","volume":"16","year":"2009","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"060801","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034442","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of Female Reproductive Organs and Supporting Connective Tissues: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge","volume":"68","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASME Appl. Mech. Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100315204994300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1661-z","article-title":"Micro-Structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral\u2013Cardinal Ligament Complex","volume":"44","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/3733","article-title":"Mechanical Testing of Mouse Carotid Arteries: From Newborn to Adult","volume":"60","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Visualized Exp."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019100315204994300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-013-0799-1","article-title":"Biomechanical Phenotyping of Central Arteries in Health and Disease: Advantages of and Methods for Murine Models","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.07.008","article-title":"A Rat Model to Study the Structural Properties of the Vagina and Its Supportive Tissues","volume":"192","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.112367","article-title":"Estrogen Alters Remodeling of the Vaginal Wall After Surgical Injury in Guinea Pigs","volume":"89","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.060662","article-title":"Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Fibulin-5 Knockout Mice: Pregnancy-Induced Changes in Elastic Fiber Homeostasis in Mouse Vagina","volume":"170","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080212","article-title":"Failure of Pelvic Organ Support in Mice Deficient in Fibulin-3","volume":"174","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2009.09.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2014.11.018","article-title":"Histo-Mechanical Properties of the Swine Cardinal and Uterosacral Ligaments","volume":"42","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI45636","article-title":"Extracellular Matrix Proteases Contribute to Progression of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Mice and Humans","volume":"121","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56376","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056376","article-title":"Dysregulation of Protease and Protease Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Human Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"8","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000104","article-title":"Validation of Genetically Matched Wild-Type Strain and Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 Knockout Mouse Model of Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"20","year":"2014","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1351","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90447.2008","article-title":"Effect of Vaginal Distention on Elastic Fiber Synthesis and Matrix Degradation in the Vaginal Wall: Potential Role in the Pathogenesis of Pelvic Organ Prolapse","volume":"295","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Regul., Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.108.072900","article-title":"Quantification of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Mice: Vaginal Protease Activity Precedes Increased MOPQ Scores in Fibulin 5 Knockout Mice","volume":"80","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1586\/eog.12.24","article-title":"Animal Models of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Lessons Learned","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.02.2308","article-title":"Injury Related Stem Cell Homing Cytokines in Lysyl Oxidase Like-1 Knockout Mice: A Pelvic Organ Prolapse Model","volume":"187","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.02.1503","article-title":"Pathophysiologic Changes in Loxl-1 Knockout Mouse With Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Induce a Compensatory and Aberrant Elastin Regenerative Response by Vaginal Smooth Muscle Cells","volume":"189","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.02.277","article-title":"Reduction in Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Lysyl Oxidase Like-1 (LOXL1) Knockout (KO) Mice Using a Cell Based Therapy","volume":"193","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0b013e3181d00035","article-title":"The Impact of Cesarean Delivery on Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Lysyl Oxidase Like-1 Knockout Mice","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Female Pelvic Med. Reconstr. Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(08)61304-X","article-title":"Functional and Anatomical Phenotype in Lysyl Oxidase Like-1 Knockout Mice Resembles the Natural History of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Humans","volume":"179","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00063.2008","article-title":"Lower Urogenital Tract Anatomical and Functional Phenotype in Lysyl Oxidase Like-1 Knockout Mice Resembles Female Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Humans","volume":"295","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.114.118638","article-title":"Effect of Vaginal or Systemic Estrogen on Dynamics of Collagen Assembly in the Rat Vaginal Wall","volume":"92","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019100315204994300_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000840","article-title":"Vaginal Estrogen: A Dual-Edged Sword in Postoperative Healing of the Vaginal Wall","volume":"24","year":"2017","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.03.040","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of Vaginal Tissue\u2014Part 1: New Experimental Protocol","volume":"178","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib50","volume-title":"Cardiovascular Solid Mechanics: Cells, Tissues, and Organs","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"2019100315204994300_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20938","article-title":"Effect of Fiber Distribution and Realignment on the Nonlinear and Inhomogeneous Mechanical Properties of Human Supraspinatus Tendon Under Longitudinal Tensile Loading","volume":"27","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib52","first-page":"181","article-title":"Length-Force and Volume-Pressure Relationships of Arteries","volume":"14","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biorheology"},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.11.067","article-title":"Age- and Region-Related Changes in the Biomechanical Properties and Composition of the Human Ureter","volume":"51","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"108","key":"2019100315204994300_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150280","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2015.0280","article-title":"Quantification of the Passive and Active Biaxial Mechanical Behaviour and Microstructural Organization of Rat Thoracic Ducts","volume":"12","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"issue":"11","key":"2019100315204994300_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90142-8","article-title":"Experimental Measurements of Elastic Properties of Media and Adventitia of Bovine Carotid Arteries","volume":"17","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968.e17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2011.11.010","article-title":"Biomechanical Properties of Human Pelvic Organs","volume":"79","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.12.013","article-title":"Acute Mechanical Effects of Elastase on the Infrarenal Mouse Aorta: Implications for Models of Aneurysms","volume":"45","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr195","article-title":"Mechanical Assessment of Elastin Integrity in Fibrillin-1-Deficient Carotid Arteries: Implications for Marfan Syndrome","volume":"92","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2754","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01108.2006","article-title":"Effect of Elastin Degradation on Carotid Wall Mechanics as Assessed by a Constituent-Based Biomechanical Model","volume":"292","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-008-0146-x","article-title":"Origin of Axial Prestretch and Residual Stress in Arteries","volume":"8","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-008-0737-1","article-title":"Changes in Connective Tissue in Patients With Pelvic Organ Prolapse\u2014A Review of the Current Literature","volume":"20","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J. Pelvic Floor Dysfunct."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.TEA.2009.0457","article-title":"Cervical Tissue Engineering Using Silk Scaffolds and Human Cervical Cells","volume":"16","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.08.025","article-title":"The Role of Mode of Delivery on Elastic Fiber Architecture and Vaginal Vault Elasticity: A Rodent Model Study","volume":"29","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-8-113","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Cervical Mucus Plug in Relation to Gestational Age, Plug Compartment, and Preterm Labor","volume":"8","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2010.01.011","article-title":"Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy and Parturition","volume":"21","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3381184","article-title":"Second Harmonic Generation Imaging as a Potential Tool for Staging Pregnancy and Predicting Preterm Birth","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019100315204994300_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.10.881","article-title":"Changes in Tissue Composition of the Vaginal Wall of Premenopausal Women With Prolapse","volume":"210","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019100315204994300_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2290-9","article-title":"Ethnic Differences in Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Endurance in South African Women","volume":"25","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019100315204994300_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"031007","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029431","article-title":"Decreased Elastic Energy Storage, Not Increased Material Stiffness, Characterizes Central Artery Dysfunction in Fibulin-5 Deficiency Independent of Sex","volume":"137","year":"2015","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib70","first-page":"H620","article-title":"Pseudoelasticity of Arteries and the Choice of Its Mathematical Expression","volume":"237","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.: Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019100315204994300_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0153-9","article-title":"Impact of Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery on the Passive and Active Mechanics of the Rat Vagina","volume":"39","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019100315204994300_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719112472733","article-title":"Regional Differences in Rat Vaginal Smooth Muscle Contractility and Morphology","volume":"20","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib73","unstructured":"Barone, W. R., Allah, Z., Mollie, P. M., and Abramowitch, S. D., 2015, \u201cEffect of Active Smooth Muscle Contraction on the Planar Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Rat Vagina,\u201d Midwest American Society of Biomechanics Regional Meeting, Akron, OH, Feb. 16\u201317."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019100315204994300_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"051008","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4032938","article-title":"Reduced Biaxial Contractility in the Descending Thoracic Aorta of Fibulin-5 Deficient Mice","volume":"138","year":"2016","journal-title":"ASME J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"2019100315204994300_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2009.06.002","article-title":"Relationships Between Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Constituents of the Cervical Stroma During Pregnancy","volume":"33","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Perinatol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Biomechanical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4037559\/5987728\/bio_139_10_104504.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4037559\/5987728\/bio_139_10_104504.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,3]],"date-time":"2019-10-03T19:21:04Z","timestamp":1570130464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asmedigitalcollection.asme.org\/biomechanical\/article\/doi\/10.1115\/1.4037559\/371367\/Biaxial-Mechanical-Assessment-of-the-Murine"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4037559","relation":{},"ISSN":["0148-0731","1528-8951"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0148-0731","type":"print"},{"value":"1528-8951","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]]},"article-number":"104504"}}