{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:23:13Z","timestamp":1790709793458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Previous two-dimensional (2D) studies have shown that there is a spectrum of carpal mechanics that varies between row-type motion and column-type motion as a function of wrist laxity. More recent three-dimensional (3D) studies have suggested instead that carpal bone motion is consistent across individuals. The purpose of this study was to use 3D methods to determine whether carpal kinematics differ between stiffer wrists and wrists with higher laxity. Wrist laxity was quantified using a goniometer in ten subjects by measuring passive wrist flexion\u2013extension (FE) range of motion (ROM). In vivo kinematics of subjects' scaphoid and lunate with respect to the radius were computed from computed tomography (CT) volume images in wrist radial and ulnar deviation positions. Scaphoid and lunate motion was defined as \u201ccolumn-type\u201d if the bones flexed and extended during wrist radial\u2013ulnar deviation (RUD), and \u201crow-type\u201d if the bones radial\u2013ulnar deviated during wrist RUD. We found that through wrist RUD, the scaphoid primarily flexed and extended, but the scaphoids of subjects with decreased laxity had a larger component of RUD (R2\u2009=\u20090.48, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). We also determined that the posture of the scaphoid in the neutral wrist position predicts wrist radial deviation (RD) ROM (R2\u2009=\u20090.46, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These results suggest that ligament laxity plays a role in affecting carpal bone motion of the proximal row throughout radial and ulnar deviation motions; however, other factors such as bone position may also affect motion. By developing a better understanding of normal carpal kinematics and how they are affected, this will help physicians provide patient-specific approaches to different wrist pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4038897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,5]],"date-time":"2018-01-05T23:15:00Z","timestamp":1515194100000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Does Wrist Laxity Influence Three-Dimensional Carpal Bone Motion?"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Gordon M.","family":"Best","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston K7\u2009L 3N6, ON, Canada e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Zec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University,  130 Stuart Street, Kingston K7\u2009L 3N6, ON, Canada e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Pichora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, 130 Stuart Street, Kingston K7\u2009L 3N6, ON, Canada e-mail:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin N.","family":"Kamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert A. 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