{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:07:38Z","timestamp":1772104058753,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51375302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51375302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51605286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51605286"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As the core component of an automobile, the internal combustion engine (ICE) nowadays is still a typical complex engineering system. Tolerance design for ICEs is of great importance since small changes in the dimensions and clearances of ICE components may result in large variations on the performance and cost of manufactured products. In addition, uncertainty in tolerance design has great impact on the engine performance. Although tolerance optimization for the key components of ICEs has been discussed, few of them take uncertainty into consideration. In this regard, robust optimization (RO) for the tolerances of ICEs remains a critical issue. In this work, a novel RO approach is proposed to deal with the tolerance optimization problem for ICEs under parameter and model uncertainties, even considering metamodeling uncertainty from Gaussian processes (GP). A typical parameter uncertainty in ICEs exists in the rotation speed which can vary randomly due to the inherent randomness. AVL EXCITE software is used to build the simulation models of ICE components, which brings in model uncertainty. GP models are used as the analysis model in order to combine the corresponding simulation and experimental data together, which introduces metamodeling uncertainty. The proposed RO approach provides a general and systematic procedure for determining robust optimal tolerances and has competitive advantages over traditional experience-based tolerance design. In addition to the ICE example, a numerical example is utilized to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4040608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T22:30:15Z","timestamp":1532125815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Robust Tolerance Optimization for Internal Combustion Engines Under Parameter and Model Uncertainties Considering Metamodeling Uncertainty From Gaussian Processes"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Michigan\u2014Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of Michigan\u2014Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China e-mail:"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2019100314075791400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3428175","article-title":"Calculation of Tolerance Based on a Minimum Cost Approach","volume":"94","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. 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