{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T05:05:51Z","timestamp":1773291951814,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.asme.org\/publications-submissions\/publishing-information\/legal-policies"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51605290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51605290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009962","name":"Shanghai International Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18510745700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18510745700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009962","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Reducing the volume of support structures is a critical means for saving materials and budgets of additive manufacturing, and tree structure is an effective topology for this purpose. Although a few articles in literature and commercial software have been devoted to developing tree-supports, those tree-supports are generated based on geometry optimization or user-defined parameters, which cannot guarantee a minimum volume with robust fabrication guarantee. To address this issue, we propose a set of formulas for stably growing the tree-supports with physical constraints based on 3D printing experiments using fused decomposition modelling (FDM) machines, and a volume minimization mechanism using a hybrid of particle swarm optimization (PSO) method and a greedy algorithm. We show that this combination is effective in reducing the volume of tree-supports and the simulations reveal that the volume curves monotonically descent to a constant within a short time, and our experimental results show that the models with the tree-supports can be manufactured stably.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T10:33:19Z","timestamp":1555756399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A\nTree-Shaped Support Structure for Additive Manufacturing Generated by Using a Hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization and Greedy Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, Chinae-mail: zhulin0728@sjtu.edu.cn"}]},{"given":"Ruiliang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, Chinae-mail: fengruiliang@sjtu.edu.cn"}]},{"given":"Xianda","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, Chinae-mail: sbnine@sjtu.edu.cn"}]},{"given":"Juntong","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, Chinae-mail: jtxi@sjtu.edu.cn"}]},{"given":"Xiangzhi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing and Information Engineering,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240, Chinae-mail: antonwei@sjtu.edu.cn"}]}],"member":"33","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2020120215184180500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/jmmp2040064","article-title":"Support Structures for Additive Manufacturing: A Review","volume":"2","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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