{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:44:34Z","timestamp":1779295474975,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"ASME International","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"AggiE Challenge, Texas A&M University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["asmedigitalcollection.asme.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In this paper, we report on our investigation of haptics-enabled mid-air interactions for sketching three-dimensional (3D) curve-soups\u2014collections of three-dimensional multi-planar curves. We study pen-based mid-air interactions for free-form curve input from the perspective of manual labor, controllability, and kinesthetic feedback. We specifically study the role of kinesthetic feedback for two aspects of mid-air sketching, namely, drawing curves on planar surfaces and spatial rotation of 3D curve-soups. For this, we implemented a simple haptics-enabled workflow for users to draw and compose collections of planar curves on a force-enabled virtual canvas. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of our study-tasks show that there is a rich interaction design space of kinesthetic feedback methods for mid-air sketching beyond physically currently prevalent models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4045142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T20:52:36Z","timestamp":1570740756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/crossmarkpolicy-asme","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Investigating Force-Feedback in Mid-Air Sketching of Multi-Planar Three-Dimensional Curve-Soups"],"prefix":"10.1115","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ronak R.","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Mike Walker \u201966 Department, of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo M.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Mike Walker \u201966 Department, of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Ragan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer & Information, Science & Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinayak R.","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. 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